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In order to increase the magnitude and quality of the antibody response against the WNV E protein, DNA vaccines with derivatives of the WNV E gene (full length E, truncated E, or DIII region, some in the context of the pre-membrane [prM] gene) were conjugated to the molecular adjuvant P28. The P28 region of the complement protein C3d is the minimum CR2-binding domain necessary for the adjuvant activity of C3d. Delivery of DNA-based vaccines by gene gun and intramuscular routes stimulated production of IgG antibodies against the WNV DIII region of the E protein. With the exception of the vaccine expressing prM\/E given intramuscularly, only mice that received DNA vaccines by gene gun produced protective neutralizing antibody titers (FRNT<jats:sub>80<\/jats:sub> titer &gt;1\/40). Correspondingly, mice vaccinated by the gene gun route were protected to a greater level from lethal WNV challenge. In general, mice vaccinated with P28-adjuvated vaccines produced higher IgG titers than mice vaccinated with non-adjuvanted vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-7-95","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]],"date-time":"2010-05-12T18:15:22Z","timestamp":1273688122000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Enhancement of anti-DIII antibodies by the C3d derivative P28 results in lower viral titers and augments protection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Matthew D","family":"Dunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannan L","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald M","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Mehlhop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ted M","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"840_CR1","unstructured":"West Nile virus activity--United States, 2007 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008, 57: 720-723."},{"key":"840_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.07.009","volume":"11","author":"H Takahashi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takahashi H, Ohtaki N, Maeda-Sato M, Tanaka M, Tanaka K, Sawa H, Ishikawa T, Takamizawa A, Takasaki T, Hasegawa H, et al.: Effects of the number of amino acid residues in the signal segment upstream or downstream of the NS2B-3 cleavage site on production and secretion of prM\/M-E virus-like particles of West Nile virus. 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