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Thus, the investigation of the interaction between JEV and DCs may be helpful for resolving the mechanism of viral escape from immune surveillance and JE pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the alterations of phenotype and function of DCs including bone marrow-derived DCs (bmDCs)<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and spleen-derived DCs (spDCs)<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>due to JEV P3 wild strain infection. Our results showed that JEV P3 infected DCs<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The viral infection inhibited the expression of cell maturation surface markers (CD40, CD80 and CD83) and MHC, and impaired the ability of P3-infected DCs for activating allogeneic naive T cells. In addition, P3 infection suppressed the expression of interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 but enhanced the production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and interleukin (IL)-10 of DCs. The infected DCs expanded the population of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>JEV P3 infection of DCs impaired cell maturation and T cell activation, modulated cytokine productions and expanded regulatory T cells, suggesting a possible mechanism of JE development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-8-39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,26]],"date-time":"2011-01-26T19:19:17Z","timestamp":1296069557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Japanese Encephalitis Virus wild strain infection suppresses dendritic cells maturation and function, and causes the expansion of regulatory T cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shengbo","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124960.x","volume":"165","author":"JN Hanna","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hanna JN, Ritchie SA, Phillips DA, Shield J, Bailey MC, Mackenzie JS, Poidinger M, McCall BJ, Mills PJ: An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the Torres Strait, Australia, 1995. 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