{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:34:33Z","timestamp":1787304873835,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an event of a smallpox outbreak in humans, the window for efficacious treatment by vaccination with vaccinia viruses (VACV) is believed to be limited to the first few days post-exposure (p.e.). We recently demonstrated in a mouse model for human smallpox, that active immunization 2\u20133\u2009days p.e. with either VACV-Lister or modified VACV Ankara (MVA) vaccines, can rescue animals from lethal challenge of ectromelia virus (ECTV), the causative agent of mousepox. The present study was carried out in order to determine whether a single dose of the anti-viral cidofovir (CDV), administered at different times and doses p.e. either alone or in conjunction with active vaccination, can rescue ECTV infected mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animals were infected intranasally with ECTV, treated on different days with various single CDV doses and monitored for morbidity, mortality and humoral response. In addition, in order to determine the influence of CDV on the immune response following vaccination, both the \"clinical take\u201d, IFN-gamma and IgG Ab levels in the serum were evaluated as well as the ability of the mice to withstand a lethal challenge of ECTV. Finally the efficacy of a combined treatment regime of CDV and vaccination p.e. was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single p.e. CDV treatment is sufficient for protection depending on the initiation time and dose (2.5 \u2013 100\u2009mg\/kg) of treatment. Solid protection was achieved by a low dose (5\u2009mg\/kg) CDV treatment even if given at day 6 p.e., approximately 4\u2009days before death of the control infected untreated mice (mean time to death (MTTD) 10.2). At the same time point complete protection was achieved by single treatment with higher doses of CDV (25 or 100\u2009mg\/kg). Irrespective of treatment dose, all surviving animals developed a protective immune response even when the CDV treatment was initiated one day p.e.. After seven days post treatment with the highest dose (100\u2009mg\/kg), virus was still detected in some organs (e.g. lung and liver) yet all animals survived, suggesting that efficacious single CDV treatment requires a potent immune system. The combination of CDV and vaccination provided no additional protection over CDV alone. Yet, combining CDV and vaccination maintained vaccination efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether, our data substantiate the feasibility of single post-exposure antiviral treatment to face orthopoxvirus infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-9-119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T12:59:12Z","timestamp":1340801952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A single cidofovir treatment rescues animals at progressive stages of lethal orthopoxvirus disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tomer","family":"Israely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Paran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Lustig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Erez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avigdor","family":"Shafferman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Melamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1767_CR1","volume-title":"Smallpox and its Eradication","author":"F Fenner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek Z, Ladnyi ID: Smallpox and its Eradication. 1988, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"1767_CR2","volume-title":"The global eradication of smallpox: final report of the global commission for the certrification of smallpox eradication.History of International Public Health No 4","author":"WHO: World Health Organization","year":"1980","unstructured":"WHO: World Health Organization: The global eradication of smallpox: final report of the global commission for the certrification of smallpox eradication.History of International Public Health No 4. 1980, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"issue":"5406","key":"1767_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1279","volume":"283","author":"DA Henderson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Henderson DA: The looming threat of bioterrorism. Science. 1999, 283 (5406): 1279-1282. 10.1126\/science.283.5406.1279.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"1767_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1086\/374054","volume":"36","author":"PP Mortimer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mortimer PP: Can postexposure vaccination against smallpox succeed?. Clin Infect Dis. 2003, 36 (5): 622-629. 10.1086\/374054.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1767_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2217\/17460794.3.6.595","volume":"3","author":"S Parker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker S, Handley L, Buller RM: Therapeutic and prophylactic drugs to treat orthopoxvirus infections. Future Virol. 2008, 3 (6): 595-612. 10.2217\/17460794.3.6.595.","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"issue":"31","key":"1767_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804985105","volume":"105","author":"PL Earl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Earl PL, Americo JL, Wyatt LS, Espenshade O, Bassler J, Gong K, Lin S, Peters E, Rhodes L, Spano YE, et al: Rapid protection in a monkeypox model by a single injection of a replication-deficient vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105 (31): 10889-10894. 10.1073\/pnas.0804985105.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1086\/595565","volume":"199","author":"N Paran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paran N, Suezer Y, Lustig S, Israely T, Schwantes A, Melamed S, Katz L, Preuss T, Hanschmann KM, Kalinke U, et al: Postexposure immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara or conventional Lister vaccine provides solid protection in a murine model of human smallpox. J Infect Dis. 2009, 199 (1): 39-48. 10.1086\/595565.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1767_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI33940","volume":"118","author":"C Samuelsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samuelsson C, Hausmann J, Lauterbach H, Schmidt M, Akira S, Wagner H, Chaplin P, Suter M, O'Keeffe M, Hochrein H: Survival of lethal poxvirus infection in mice depends on TLR9, and therapeutic vaccination provides protection. J Clin Invest. 2008, 118 (5): 1776-1784. 10.1172\/JCI33940.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.1.80-122.1991","volume":"55","author":"RM Buller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Buller RM, Palumbo GJ: Poxvirus pathogenesis. Microbiol Rev. 1991, 55 (1): 80-122.","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"1767_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81090-0","volume":"86","author":"DJ Esteban","year":"2005","unstructured":"Esteban DJ, Buller RM: Ectromelia virus: the causative agent of mousepox. J Gen Virol. 2005, 86 (Pt 10): 2645-2659.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1767_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6333","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00115-06","volume":"80","author":"V Panchanathan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Panchanathan V, Chaudhri G, Karupiah G: Protective immunity against secondary poxvirus infection is dependent on antibody but not on CD4 or CD8 T-cell function. J Virol. 2006, 80 (13): 6333-6338. 10.1128\/JVI.00115-06.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.015","volume":"385","author":"S Parker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parker S, Siddiqui AM, Oberle C, Hembrador E, Lanier R, Painter G, Robertson A, Buller RM: Mousepox in the C57BL\/6 strain provides an improved model for evaluating anti-poxvirus therapies. Virology. 2009, 385 (1): 11-21. 10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.015.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.08.003","volume":"77","author":"S Parker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker S, Touchette E, Oberle C, Almond M, Robertson A, Trost LC, Lampert B, Painter G, Buller RM: Efficacy of therapeutic intervention with an oral ether-lipid analogue of cidofovir (CMX001) in a lethal mousepox model. Antiviral Res. 2008, 77 (1): 39-49. 10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.08.003.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1767_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1329-1335.2002","volume":"46","author":"DF Smee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smee DF, Sidwell RW, Kefauver D, Bray M, Huggins JW: Characterization of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant strains of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002, 46 (5): 1329-1335. 10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1329-1335.2002.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00984-08","volume":"83","author":"H Wei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wei H, Huang D, Fortman J, Wang R, Shao L, Chen ZW: Coadministration of cidofovir and smallpox vaccine reduced vaccination side effects but interfered with vaccine-elicited immune responses and immunity to monkeypox. J Virol. 2009, 83 (2): 1115-1125. 10.1128\/JVI.00984-08.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.10.021","volume":"409","author":"N Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen N, Bellone CJ, Schriewer J, Owens G, Fredrickson T, Parker S, Buller RM: Poxvirus interleukin-4 expression overcomes inherent resistance and vaccine-induced immunity: pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and antiviral therapy. Virology. 2011, 409 (2): 328-337. 10.1016\/j.virol.2010.10.021.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912134107","volume":"107","author":"DW Grosenbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grosenbach DW, Berhanu A, King DS, Mosier S, Jones KF, Jordan RA, Bolken TC, Hruby DE: Efficacy of ST-246 versus lethal poxvirus challenge in immunodeficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107 (2): 838-843. 10.1073\/pnas.0912134107.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"11","key":"1767_CR18","first-page":"1561","volume":"3","author":"R Snoeck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Snoeck R, De Clercq E: Role of cidofovir in the treatment of DNA virus infections, other than CMV infections, in immunocompromised patients. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002, 3 (11): 1561-1566.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh286","volume":"54","author":"M Bray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bray M, Roy CJ: Antiviral prophylaxis of smallpox. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004, 54 (1): 1-5. 10.1093\/jac\/dkh286.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1767_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.04.014","volume":"128","author":"A Goff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goff A, Twenhafel N, Garrison A, Mucker E, Lawler J, Paragas J: In vivo imaging of cidofovir treatment of cowpox virus infection. Virus Res. 2007, 128 (1\u20132): 88-98.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.05.005","volume":"72","author":"CW Knorr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Knorr CW, Allen SD, Torres AR, Smee DF: Effects of cidofovir treatment on cytokine induction in murine models of cowpox and vaccinia virus infection. Antiviral Res. 2006, 72 (2): 125-133. 10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.05.005.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1767_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2267-2273.2004","volume":"48","author":"J Neyts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neyts J, Leyssen P, Verbeken E, De Clercq E: Efficacy of cidofovir in a murine model of disseminated progressive vaccinia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004, 48 (6): 2267-2273. 10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2267-2273.2004.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7077","key":"1767_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04295","volume":"439","author":"KJ Stittelaar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stittelaar KJ, Neyts J, Naesens L, van Amerongen G, van Lavieren RF, Holy A, De Clercq E, Niesters HG, Fries E, Maas C, et al: Antiviral treatment is more effective than smallpox vaccination upon lethal monkeypox virus infection. Nature. 2006, 439 (7077): 745-748. 10.1038\/nature04295.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1767_CR24","volume-title":"CDC NMWR Recommendations and Reports","author":"JCCG Cono","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cono JCCG, Bell DM: mallpox vaccination and adverse reactions. Guidance for clinicians. CDC NMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.11.015","volume":"318","author":"RM Buller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buller RM, Owens G, Schriewer J, Melman L, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY: Efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model. Virology. 2004, 318 (2): 474-481. 10.1016\/j.virol.2003.11.015.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1767_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.178","volume":"88","author":"LK Dropulic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dropulic LK, Cohen JI: Update on new antivirals under development for the treatment of double-stranded DNA virus infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010, 88 (5): 610-619. 10.1038\/clpt.2010.178.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1767_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.4.991-995.2002","volume":"46","author":"ER Kern","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kern ER, Hartline C, Harden E, Keith K, Rodriguez N, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY: Enhanced inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication in vitro by alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002, 46 (4): 991-995. 10.1128\/AAC.46.4.991-995.2002.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"1767_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00184-07","volume":"51","author":"DC Quenelle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Quenelle DC, Collins DJ, Herrod BP, Keith KA, Trahan J, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Kern ER: Effect of oral treatment with hexadecyloxypropyl-[(S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2- phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine] [(S)-HPMPA] or octadecyloxyethyl-(S)-HPMPA on cowpox or vaccinia virus infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51 (11): 3940-3947. 10.1128\/AAC.00184-07.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"1767_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02012-09","volume":"84","author":"J Stabenow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stabenow J, Buller RM, Schriewer J, West C, Sagartz JE, Parker S: A mouse model of lethal infection for evaluating prophylactics and therapeutics against Monkeypox virus. J Virol. 2010, 84 (8): 3909-3920. 10.1128\/JVI.02012-09.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1767_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00762-07","volume":"51","author":"DC Quenelle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Quenelle DC, Prichard MN, Keith KA, Hruby DE, Jordan R, Painter GR, Robertson A, Kern ER: Synergistic efficacy of the combination of ST-246 with CMX001 against orthopoxviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51 (11): 4118-4124. 10.1128\/AAC.00762-07.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.03.005","volume":"79","author":"A Nalca","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nalca A, Hatkin JM, Garza NL, Nichols DK, Norris SW, Hruby DE, Jordan R: Evaluation of orally delivered ST-246 as postexposure prophylactic and antiviral therapeutic in an aerosolized rabbitpox rabbit model. Antiviral Res. 2008, 79 (2): 121-127. 10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.03.005.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"1767_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005","volume":"79","author":"G Yang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang G, Pevear DC, Davies MH, Collett MS, Bailey T, Rippen S, Barone L, Burns C, Rhodes G, Tohan S, et al: An orally bioavailable antipoxvirus compound (ST-246) inhibits extracellular virus formation and protects mice from lethal orthopoxvirus Challenge. J Virol. 2005, 79 (20): 13139-13149. 10.1128\/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1086\/315190","volume":"181","author":"M Bray","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bray M, Martinez M, Smee DF, Kefauver D, Thompson E, Huggins JW: Cidofovir protects mice against lethal aerosol or intranasal cowpox virus challenge. J Infect Dis. 2000, 181 (1): 10-19. 10.1086\/315190.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1767_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300703","volume":"13","author":"S Parker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker S, Schriewer J, Oberle C, Robertson A, Lanier R, Painter G, Buller RM: Using biomarkers to stage disease progression in a lethal mousepox model treated with CMX001. Antivir Ther. 2008, 13 (7): 863-873.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"1767_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3275-3280.2003","volume":"47","author":"DC Quenelle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Quenelle DC, Collins DJ, Kern ER: Efficacy of multiple- or single-dose cidofovir against vaccinia and cowpox virus infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003, 47 (10): 3275-3280. 10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3275-3280.2003.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1767_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122681","volume":"2","author":"DC Quenelle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quenelle DC, Kern ER: Treatment of Vaccinia and Cowpox Virus Infections in Mice with CMX001 and ST-246. Viruses. 2010, 2 (12): 2681-2695. 10.3390\/v2122681.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"1767_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(01)00159-0","volume":"52","author":"DF Smee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smee DF, Bailey KW, Wong MH, Sidwell RW: Effects of cidofovir on the pathogenesis of a lethal vaccinia virus respiratory infection in mice. Antiviral Res. 2001, 52 (1): 55-62. 10.1016\/S0166-3542(01)00159-0.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1767_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","volume":"22","author":"S Reagan-Shaw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N: Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 2008, 22 (3): 659-661.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1767_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199936020-00004","volume":"36","author":"KC Cundy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cundy KC: Clinical pharmacokinetics of the antiviral nucleotide analogues cidofovir and adefovir. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999, 36 (2): 127-143. 10.2165\/00003088-199936020-00004.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1767_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410312","volume":"41","author":"J Neyts","year":"1993","unstructured":"Neyts J, De Clercq E: Efficacy of (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for the treatment of lethal vaccinia virus infections in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice. J Med Virol. 1993, 41 (3): 242-246. 10.1002\/jmv.1890410312.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1767_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1734","volume":"21","author":"DF Smee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smee DF, Bailey KW, Wong MH, Tarbet EB: Topical treatment of cutaneous vaccinia virus infections in immunosuppressed hairless mice with selected antiviral substances. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2011, 21 (5): 201-208. 10.3851\/IMP1734.","journal-title":"Antivir Chem Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"1767_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1005.030419","volume":"10","author":"M Kretzschmar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kretzschmar M, van den Hof S, Wallinga J, van Wijngaarden J: Ring vaccination and smallpox control. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004, 10 (5): 832-841. 10.3201\/eid1005.030419.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"1767_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13454","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.21.13454-13462.2005","volume":"79","author":"S Lustig","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lustig S, Fogg C, Whitbeck JC, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Moss B: Combinations of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to proteins of the outer membranes of the two infectious forms of vaccinia virus protect mice against a lethal respiratory challenge. J Virol. 2005, 79 (21): 13454-13462. 10.1128\/JVI.79.21.13454-13462.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"45","key":"1767_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.09.023","volume":"25","author":"S Melamed","year":"2007","unstructured":"Melamed S, Paran N, Katz L, Ben-Nathan D, Israely T, Schneider P, Levin R, Lustig S: Tail scarification with Vaccinia virus Lister as a model for evaluation of smallpox vaccine potency in mice. Vaccine. 2007, 25 (45): 7743-7753. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.09.023.","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1743-422X-9-119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T22:38:18Z","timestamp":1687559898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1743-422X-9-119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422x-9-119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"119"}}