{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:51:46Z","timestamp":1791107506304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Part Fibre Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Nanomaterials with particle sizes &lt;100 nm have been already applied in various applications such as cosmetics, medicines, and foods. Therefore, ensuring the safety of nanomaterials is becoming increasingly important. Here we examined the localization and biological responses of intranasally administered amorphous nanosilica particles in mice, focusing on the coagulation system.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We used nanosilica particles with diameters of 30, 70, or 100 nm (nSP30, nSP70, or nSP100 respectively), and conventional microscale silica particles with diameters of 300 or 1000 nm (mSP300 or mSP1000, respectively). BALB\/c mice were intranasally exposed to nSP30, nSP70, nSP100, mSP300, or mSP1000 at concentrations of 500 \u03bcg\/mouse for 7 days. After 24 hours of last administration, we performed the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> transmission electron microscopy analysis, hematological examination and coagulation tests.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that nanosilica particles with a diameter &lt;100 nm were absorbed through the nasal cavity and were distributed into liver and brain. Hematological examination and coagulation tests showed that platelet counts decreased and that the activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged in nSP30 or nSP70-treated groups of mice, indicating that nanosilica particles might have activated a coagulation cascade. In addition, in <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> activation tests of human plasma, nanosilica particles had greater potential than did conventional microscale silica particles to activate coagulation factor XII. In nanosilica-particle-treated groups, the levels of soluble CD40 ligand, and von Willebrand factor which are involved in stimulating platelets tended to slightly increase with decreasing particle size.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results suggest that intranasally administered nanosilica particles with diameters of 30 and 70 nm could induce abnormal activation of the coagulation system through the activation of an intrinsic coagulation cascade. This study provides information to advance the development of safe and effective nanosilica particles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]],"date-time":"2013-08-20T00:22:26Z","timestamp":1376958146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Intranasal exposure to amorphous nanosilica particles could activate intrinsic coagulation cascade and platelets in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tokuyuki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeko","family":"Tochigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Uji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko-ichi","family":"Ichihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Nabeshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Higashisaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"265_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.10.010","volume":"27","author":"N Sozer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sozer N, Kokini JL: Nanotechnology and its applications in the food sector. Trends Biotechnol 2009, 27: 82\u201389. 10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.10.010","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"265_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-198-1_1","volume":"697","author":"SE McNeil","year":"2011","unstructured":"McNeil SE: Unique benefits of nanotechnology to drug delivery and diagnostics. Methods Mol Biol 2011, 697: 3\u20138. 10.1007\/978-1-60327-198-1_1","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"265_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2174\/1876142911204010008","volume":"4","author":"S Sonkaria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sonkaria S, Ahn SH, Khare V: Nanotechnology and its impact on food and nutrition: a review. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2012, 4: 8\u201318.","journal-title":"Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric"},{"key":"265_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.05.037","volume":"647","author":"D Knopp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knopp D, Tang D, Niessner R: Review: bioanalytical applications of biomolecule-functionalized nanometer-sized doped silica particles. Anal Chim Acta 2009, 647: 14\u201330. 10.1016\/j.aca.2009.05.037","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"265_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/444267a","volume":"444","author":"AD Maynard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maynard AD, Aitken RJ, Butz T, Colvin V, Donaldson K, Oberdorster G, Philbert MA, Ryan J, Seaton A, Stone V, et al.: Safe handling of nanotechnology. Nature 2006, 444: 267\u2013269. 10.1038\/444267a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"265_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-22","volume":"8","author":"TA Kuhlbusch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhlbusch TA, Asbach C, Fissan H, Gohler D, Stintz M: Nanoparticle exposure at nanotechnology workplaces: a review. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011, 8: 22. 10.1186\/1743-8977-8-22","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR7","first-page":"w13547","volume":"142","author":"K Donaldson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Donaldson K, Poland CA: Inhaled nanoparticles and lung cancer - what we can learn from conventional particle toxicology. Swiss Med Wkly 2012, 142: w13547.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"265_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.111","volume":"3","author":"CA Poland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poland CA, Duffin R, Kinloch I, Maynard A, Wallace WA, Seaton A, Stone V, Brown S, Macnee W, Donaldson K: Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nat Nanotechnol 2008, 3: 423\u2013428. 10.1038\/nnano.2008.111","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"265_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-16","volume":"7","author":"KS Hougaard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hougaard KS, Jackson P, Jensen KA, Sloth JJ, Loschner K, Larsen EH, Birkedal RK, Vibenholt A, Boisen AM, Wallin H, et al.: Effects of prenatal exposure to surface-coated nanosized titanium dioxide (UV-Titan): a study in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010, 7: 16. 10.1186\/1743-8977-7-16","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.12.178","volume":"392","author":"T Morishige","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Tanabe A, Yao X, Tsunoda S, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S: Titanium dioxide induces different levels of IL-1beta production dependent on its particle characteristics through caspase-1 activation mediated by reactive oxygen species and cathepsin B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010, 392: 160\u2013165. 10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.12.178","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"265_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.12.042","volume":"32","author":"H Nabeshi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Matsuyama K, Nakazato Y, Matsuo K, Arimori A, Isobe M, Tochigi S, Kondoh S, Hirai T, et al.: Systemic distribution, nuclear entry and cytotoxicity of amorphous nanosilica following topical application. Biomaterials 2011, 32: 2713\u20132724. 10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.12.042","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"265_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.41","volume":"6","author":"K Yamashita","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamashita K, Yoshioka Y, Higashisaka K, Mimura K, Morishita Y, Nozaki M, Yoshida T, Ogura T, Nabeshi H, Nagano K, et al.: Silica and titanium dioxide nanoparticles cause pregnancy complications in mice. Nat Nanotechnol 2011, 6: 321\u2013328. 10.1038\/nnano.2011.41","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"265_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-6-195","volume":"6","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Yoshioka Y, Fujimura M, Yamashita K, Higashisaka K, Morishita Y, Kayamuro H, Nabeshi H, Nagano K, Abe Y, et al.: Promotion of allergic immune responses by intranasally-administrated nanosilica particles in mice. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011, 6: 195. 10.1186\/1556-276X-6-195","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"265_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-3","volume":"9","author":"T Hirai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hirai T, Yoshikawa T, Nabeshi H, Yoshida T, Tochigi S, Ichihashi K, Uji M, Akase T, Nagano K, Abe Y, et al.: Amorphous silica nanoparticles size-dependently aggravate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions following an intradermal injection. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012, 9: 3. 10.1186\/1743-8977-9-3","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045101","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/23\/4\/045101","volume":"23","author":"H Nabeshi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Matsuyama K, Nakazato Y, Arimori A, Isobe M, Tochigi S, Kondoh S, Hirai T, Akase T, et al.: Amorphous nanosilicas induce consumptive coagulopathy after systemic exposure. Nanotechnology 2012, 23: 045101. 10.1088\/0957-4484\/23\/4\/045101","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"265_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0823-5","volume":"86","author":"T Morishige","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Inakura H, Tanabe A, Narimatsu S, Yao X, Monobe Y, Imazawa T, Tsunoda S, Tsutsumi Y, et al.: Suppression of nanosilica particle-induced inflammation by surface modification of the particles. Arch Toxicol 2012, 86: 1297\u20131307. 10.1007\/s00204-012-0823-5","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00014-2","volume":"17","author":"LA Norris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Norris LA: Blood coagulation. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2003, 17: 369\u2013383. 10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00014-2","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"265_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.08.008","volume":"26","author":"R Zhuo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhuo R, Miller R, Bussard KM, Siedlecki CA, Vogler EA: Procoagulant stimulus processing by the intrinsic pathway of blood plasma coagulation. Biomaterials 2005, 26: 2965\u20132973. 10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.08.008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"265_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2010.550312","volume":"71","author":"F Muller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muller F, Renne T: Platelet polyphosphates: the nexus of primary and secondary hemostasis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2011, 71: 82\u201386.","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"265_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-07-0527","volume":"95","author":"AD Blann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blann AD: Plasma von Willebrand factor, thrombosis, and the endothelium: the first 30 years. Thromb Haemost 2006, 95: 49\u201355.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"265_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.546362","volume":"43","author":"B Pamukcu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pamukcu B, Lip GY, Snezhitskiy V, Shantsila E: The CD40-CD40L system in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2011, 43: 331\u2013340. 10.3109\/07853890.2010.546362","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"265_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040100266","volume":"75","author":"R Merget","year":"2002","unstructured":"Merget R, Bauer T, Kupper HU, Philippou S, Bauer HD, Breitstadt R, Bruening T: Health hazards due to the inhalation of amorphous silica. Arch Toxicol 2002, 75: 625\u2013634. 10.1007\/s002040100266","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2747rev","volume":"19","author":"SM Moghimi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC: Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. FASEB J 2005, 19: 311\u2013330. 10.1096\/fj.04-2747rev","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"265_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.03.012","volume":"60","author":"II Slowing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slowing II, Vivero-Escoto JL, Wu CW, Lin VS: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008, 60: 1278\u20131288. 10.1016\/j.addr.2008.03.012","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"265_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90098-O","volume":"16","author":"DB Warheit","year":"1991","unstructured":"Warheit DB, Carakostas MC, Kelly DP, Hartsky MA: Four-week inhalation toxicity study with Ludox colloidal silica in rats: pulmonary cellular responses. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991, 16: 590\u2013601. 10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90098-O","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90179-L","volume":"19","author":"KP Lee","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lee KP, Kelly DP: The pulmonary response and clearance of Ludox colloidal silica after a 4-week inhalation exposure in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992, 19: 399\u2013410. 10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90179-L","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"265_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.07.086","volume":"32","author":"K Sonaje","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sonaje K, Lin KJ, Tseng MT, Wey SP, Su FY, Chuang EY, Hsu CW, Chen CT, Sung HW: Effects of chitosan-nanoparticle-mediated tight junction opening on the oral absorption of endotoxins. Biomaterials 2011, 32: 8712\u20138721. 10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.07.086","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"265_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.08.020","volume":"400","author":"D Vllasaliu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vllasaliu D, Exposito-Harris R, Heras A, Casettari L, Garnett M, Illum L, Stolnik S: Tight junction modulation by chitosan nanoparticles: comparison with chitosan solution. Int J Pharm 2010, 400: 183\u2013193. 10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.08.020","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"265_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.10.001","volume":"183","author":"J Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang J, Chen C, Liu Y, Jiao F, Li W, Lao F, Li Y, Li B, Ge C, Zhou G, et al.: Potential neurological lesion after nasal instillation of TiO(2) nanoparticles in the anatase and rutile crystal phases. Toxicol Lett 2008, 183: 72\u201380. 10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.10.001","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"265_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.09.014","volume":"254","author":"J Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang J, Liu Y, Jiao F, Lao F, Li W, Gu Y, Li Y, Ge C, Zhou G, Li B, et al.: Time-dependent translocation and potential impairment on central nervous system by intranasally instilled TiO(2) nanoparticles. Toxicology 2008, 254: 82\u201390. 10.1016\/j.tox.2008.09.014","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"265_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6335","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2009.1320","volume":"9","author":"Y Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Wang T, Wang J, Jiao F, Li W, Liu Y, Li Y, Li B, et al.: Potential health impact on mice after nasal instillation of nano-sized copper particles and their translocation in mice. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009, 9: 6335\u20136343. 10.1166\/jnn.2009.1320","journal-title":"J Nanosci Nanotechnol"},{"key":"265_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-008-1828-7","volume":"49","author":"SF Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim SF, Daniel JW, Francois LP, Anwen MKH, Hui QL, John VH, Barb\u00e9 CJ: Biodegradability of sol\u2013gel silica microparticles for drug delivery. Journal of Sol\u2013gel Science and Technology 2009, 49: 12\u201318. 10.1007\/s10971-008-1847-4","journal-title":"Journal of Sol\u2013gel Science and Technology"},{"key":"265_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32711","volume":"100","author":"W Zhai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhai W, He C, Wu L, Zhou Y, Chen H, Chang J, Zhang H: Degradation of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012, 100: 1397\u20131403.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"265_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2010.01.009","volume":"131","author":"Q He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He Q, Shi J, Zhu M, Chen Y, Chen F: The three-stage in vitro degradation behavior of mesoporous silica in simulated body fluid. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2010, 131: 314\u2013320. 10.1016\/j.micromeso.2010.01.009","journal-title":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials"},{"key":"265_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.08.011","volume":"269","author":"P Bihari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bihari P, Holzer M, Praetner M, Fent J, Lerchenberger M, Reichel CA, Rehberg M, Lakatos S, Krombach F: Single-walled carbon nanotubes activate platelets and accelerate thrombus formation in the microcirculation. Toxicology 2010, 269: 148\u2013154. 10.1016\/j.tox.2009.08.011","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"265_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.04.059","volume":"32","author":"AR Burke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burke AR, Singh RN, Carroll DL, Owen JD, Kock ND, D'Agostino R Jr, Torti FM, Torti SV: Determinants of the thrombogenic potential of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2011, 32: 5970\u20135978.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"265_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38995","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038995","volume":"7","author":"J Meng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meng J, Cheng X, Liu J, Zhang W, Li X, Kong H, Xu H: Effects of long and short carboxylated or aminated multiwalled carbon nanotubes on blood coagulation. PLoS One 2012, 7: e38995. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0038995","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"265_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3181\/0706-RM-165","volume":"233","author":"A Nemmar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nemmar A, Melghit K, Ali BH: The acute proinflammatory and prothrombotic effects of pulmonary exposure to rutile TiO2 nanorods in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008, 233: 610\u2013619. 10.3181\/0706-RM-165","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"265_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111326","volume":"73","author":"RW Colman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Colman RW: Surface-mediated defense reactions. The plasma contact activation system. J Clin Invest 1984, 73: 1249\u20131253. 10.1172\/JCI111326","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"265_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.10.3819","volume":"90","author":"RW Colman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Colman RW, Schmaier AH: Contact system: a vascular biology modulator with anticoagulant, profibrinolytic, antiadhesive, and proinflammatory attributes. Blood 1997, 90: 3819\u20133843.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"265_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.65","volume":"5","author":"R Tavano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tavano R, Segat D, Reddi E, Kos J, Rojnik M, Kocbek P, Iratni S, Scheglmann D, Colucci M, Echevarria IM, Selvestrel F, Mancin F, Papini E: Procoagulant properties of bare and highly PEGylated vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010, 5: 881\u2013896. 10.2217\/nnm.10.65","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"key":"265_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0975-7","volume":"103","author":"TK Barik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barik TK, Sahu B, Swain V: Nanosilica-from medicine to pest control. Parasitol Res 2008, 103: 253\u2013258. 10.1007\/s00436-008-0975-7","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"265_CR43","first-page":"2302","volume":"27","author":"B Angelkort","year":"1976","unstructured":"Angelkort B, Zilkens KW, Wenzel E: Bleeding time (Duke) as a clinical function test of the primary phase of hemostasis. Med Welt 1976, 27: 2302\u20132304.","journal-title":"Med Welt"}],"container-title":["Particle and Fibre Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1743-8977-10-41.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T01:08:01Z","timestamp":1630544881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1743-8977-10-41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-8977-10-41","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-8977"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-8977","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"41"}}