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While several glial-selective drugs have been successful in controlling neuropathic pain in animal models, none are optimal for human use. Thus the aim of the present studies was to explore a novel approach for controlling neuropathic pain. Here, an adeno-associated viral (serotype II; AAV2) vector was created that encodes the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). This anti-inflammatory cytokine is known to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Upon intrathecal administration, this novel AAV2-IL-10 vector was successful in transiently preventing and reversing neuropathic pain. Intrathecal administration of an AAV2 vector encoding beta-galactosidase revealed that AAV2 preferentially infects meningeal cells surrounding the CSF space. Taken together, these data provide initial support that intrathecal gene therapy to drive the production of IL-10 may prove to be an efficacious treatment for neuropathic pain. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-1-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T07:37:34Z","timestamp":1109403454000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Controlling Neuropathic Pain by Adeno-Associated Virus Driven Production of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine, Interleukin-10"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Erin D","family":"Milligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan M","family":"Sloane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro E","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Institute, the Powell Gene Therapy Center & Department of Pediatrics, University of FL at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marucia","family":"Chacur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Spataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Wieseler-Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayamwong E","family":"Hammack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven F","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence R","family":"Flotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Institute, the Powell Gene Therapy Center & Department of Pediatrics, University of FL at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Forsayeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avigen, Inc., Alameda, CA 94502 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A","family":"Leinwand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avigen, Inc., Alameda, CA 94502 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda R","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & the Center for Neuroscience, University of CO at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00218-9"},{"key":"bibr2-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03140-5"},{"key":"bibr3-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7012.1047"},{"key":"bibr4-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858403259950"},{"key":"bibr5-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1251"},{"key":"bibr6-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01854-3"},{"key":"bibr7-1744-8069-1-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watkins LR, Maier SF: Targeting glia to control clinical pain: An idea whose time has come. 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