{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:35:32Z","timestamp":1792654532413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mol Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Both spinal and trigeminal somatosensory systems use the TRPM8 channel as a principal transducer for detecting cold stimuli. It is currently unclear whether this cold transducer may play a role in trigeminal neuropathic pain manifesting cold allodynia and hyperalgesia. In the present study, trigeminal neuropathy was induced by chronic constrictive nerve injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI). Behavioral responses to cold stimuli in orofacial regions were assessed by the newly developed orofacial operant test in the ION-CCI rats. We tested menthol and capsazepine, two compounds that can activate and inhibit TRPM8 respectively, on orofacial operant responses to cold stimuli in ION-CCI rats. Testing animals performed operant tasks by voluntarily contacting their orofacial regions to a cold stimulation module in order to access sweetened milk as a reward, and contact time and number of the operant behaviors were automatically recorded. Total contact time was significantly reduced at the cooling temperatures of 17\u00b0C and 12\u00b0C in ION-CCI group in comparison with sham group, indicating the presence of cold allodynia and hyperalgesia in ION-CCI rats. When menthol was administered to ION-CCI rats, total contact time was further reduced and total contact number increased at the cooling temperatures. In contrast, after administration of capsazepine to ION-CCI rats, total contact time was significantly increased at the cooling temperatures. The behavioral outcomes support the idea that TRPM8 plays a role in cold allodynia and hyperalgesia following chronic trigeminal nerve injury. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-9-28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]],"date-time":"2013-06-15T00:15:10Z","timestamp":1371255310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Operant Behavioral Responses to Orofacial Cold Stimuli in Rats with Chronic Constrictive Trigeminal Nerve Injury: Effects of Menthol and Capsazepine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaozhuo","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670531231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0531, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Guiyang Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PRC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer X","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670531231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0531, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Yin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology and Psychology, Key Laboratory of Pain Research & Therapy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PRC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo G","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670531231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0531, 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