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Since similar overt behaviour may be accompanied by different covert brain activity, the aim of this study was to investigate both brain-electric-activity and performance measures in three groups of children with externalizing child psychiatric disorders and a group of normal controls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A Stop-task was used to measure specific aspects of response inhibition in 10 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD\/HD), 8 children with oppositional defiant disorder\/conduct disorder (ODD\/CD), 11 children with comorbid AD\/HD+ODD\/CD and 11 normal controls. All children were between 8 and 14 years old. Event-related potentials and behavioural responses were recorded. An initial go-signal related microstate, a subsequent Stop-signal related N200, and performance measures were analyzed using ANCOVA with age as covariate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Groups did not differ in accuracy or reaction time to the Go-stimuli. However, all clinical groups displayed reduced map strength in a microstate related to initial processing of the Go-stimulus compared to normal controls, whereas topography did not differ. Concerning motor response inhibition, the AD\/HD-only and the ODD\/CD-only groups displayed slower Stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) and Stop-failure reaction time compared to normal controls. In children with comorbid AD\/HD+ODD\/CD, Stop-failure reaction-time was longer than in controls, but their SSRT was not slowed. Moreover, SSRT in AD\/HD+ODD\/CD was faster than in AD\/HD-only or ODD\/CD-only. The AD\/HD-only and ODD\/CD-only groups displayed reduced Stop-N200 mean amplitude over right-frontal electrodes. This effect reached only a trend for comorbid AD\/HD+ODD\/CD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Following similar attenuations in initial processing of the Go-signal in all clinical groups compared to controls, distinct Stop-signal related deficits became evident in the clinical groups. Both children with AD\/HD and ODD\/CD showed deficits in behavioural response-inhibition accompanied by decreased central conflict signalling or inhibition processes. Neither behavioural nor neural markers of inhibitory deficits as found in AD\/HD-only and ODD\/CD-only were additive. Instead, children with comorbid AD\/HD+ODD\/CD showed similar or even less prominent inhibition deficits than the other clinical groups. Hence, the AD\/HD+ODD\/CD-group may represent a separate clinical entity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-1-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T19:14:08Z","timestamp":1134155648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Response inhibition deficits in externalizing child psychiatric disorders: An ERP-study with the Stop-task"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aribert","family":"Rothenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American-Psychiatric-Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American-Psychiatric-Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 1994, Washington , American Psychiatric Association, 4th","edition":"4th"},{"issue":"1","key":"22_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","volume":"121","author":"RA Barkley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barkley RA: Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. 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