{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:53:13Z","timestamp":1791078793249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav Brain Funct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although recent studies have clearly demonstrated functional and structural abnormalities in adolescents with internet gaming addiction (IGA), less is known about how IGA affects perfusion in the human brain. We used pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling (ASL) perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the effects of IGA on resting brain functions by comparing resting cerebral blood flow in adolescents with IGA and normal subjects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifteen adolescents with IGA and 18 matched normal adolescents underwent structural and perfusion fMRI in the resting state. Direct subtraction, voxel-wise general linear modeling was performed to compare resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the 2 groups. Correlations were calculated between the mean CBF value in all clusters that survived AlphaSim correction and the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) scores, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) scores, or hours of Internet use per week (hours) in the 15 subjects with IGA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compared with control subjects, adolescents with IGA showed significantly higher global CBF in the left inferior temporal lobe\/fusiform gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus\/amygdala, right medial frontal lobe\/anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, right insula, right middle temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left supplementary motor area, left cingulate gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobe. Lower CBF was found in the left middle temporal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and right cingulate gyrus. There were no significant correlations between mean CBF values in all clusters that survived AlphaSim correction and CIAS or BIS-11 scores or hours of Internet use per week.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this study, we used ASL perfusion fMRI and noninvasively quantified resting CBF to demonstrate that IGA alters the CBF distribution in the adolescent brain. The results support the hypothesis that IGA is a behavioral addiction that may share similar neurobiological abnormalities with other addictive disorders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-9-33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]],"date-time":"2013-08-12T12:14:39Z","timestamp":1376309679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Voxel-level comparison of arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in adolescents with internet gaming addiction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianrong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"465_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12162","volume":"108","author":"NM Petry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petry NM, O\u2019Brien CP: Internet gaming disorder and the DSM-5. Addiction. 2013, 108 (7): 1186-1187. 10.1111\/add.12162.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"465_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07101556","volume":"165","author":"JJ Block","year":"2008","unstructured":"Block JJ: Issues for DSM-V: internet addiction. Am J Psychoanal. 2008, 165: 306-307. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07101556.","journal-title":"Am J Psychoanal"},{"key":"465_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884","volume":"36","author":"JE Grant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, Gorelick DA: Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010, 36: 233-241. 10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"465_CR4","unstructured":"American Society of Addiction Medicine. Public Policy Statement: Definition of Addiction. Book American Society of Addiction Medicine. Public Policy Statement: Definition of Addiction. 2011,http:\/\/www.asam.org\/IDEFINITIONOF_ADDICTION_LONG-4-11.pdf,"},{"key":"465_CR5","first-page":"123","volume":"20","author":"K Chakraborty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakraborty K, Basu D, Vijaya Kumar KG: Internet addiction: consensus, controversies, and the way ahead. East Asian archives of psychiatry: official journal of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists = Dong Ya jing shen ke xue zhi: Xianggang jing shen ke yi xue yuan qi kan. 2010, 20: 123-132.","journal-title":"East Asian archives of psychiatry: official journal of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists = Dong Ya jing shen ke xue zhi: Xianggang jing shen ke yi xue yuan qi kan"},{"key":"465_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1248442","volume":"37","author":"P Peukert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peukert P, Sieslack S, Barth G, Batra A: Internet- and computer game addiction: phenomenology, comorbidity, etiology, diagnostics and therapeutic implications for the addictives and their relatives. Psychiatr Prax. 2010, 37: 219-224. 10.1055\/s-0030-1248442.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"465_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.004","volume":"56","author":"S Ikemoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ikemoto S: Dopamine reward circuitry: two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex. Brain Res Rev. 2007, 56: 27-78. 10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.004.","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"465_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000324065","volume":"30","author":"EL Gardner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gardner EL: Addiction and brain reward and antireward pathways. Adv Psychosom Med. 2011, 30: 22-60.","journal-title":"Adv Psychosom Med"},{"key":"465_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201000042","volume":"32","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Tomasi D, Telang F, Baler R: Addiction: decreased reward sensitivity and increased expectation sensitivity conspire to overwhelm the brain\u2019s control circuit. Bioessays. 2010, 32: 748-755. 10.1002\/bies.201000042.","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"465_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.10.025","volume":"79","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Lin FC, Du YS, Qin LD, Zhao ZM, Xu JR, Lei H: Gray matter abnormalities in Internet addiction: a voxel-based morphometry study. Eur J Radiol. 2011, 79: 92-95. 10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.10.025.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"465_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30253","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030253","volume":"7","author":"F Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin F, Zhou Y, Du Y, Qin L, Zhao Z, Xu J, Lei H: Abnormal white matter integrity in adolescents with internet addiction disorder: a tract-based spatial statistics study. PloS one. 2012, 7: e30253-10.1371\/journal.pone.0030253.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"465_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015","volume":"46","author":"G Dong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dong G, DeVito E, Huang J, Du X: Diffusion tensor imaging reveals thalamus and posterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in internet gaming addicts. J Psychiatr Res. 2012, 46: 1212-1216. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"465_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.02.001","volume":"203","author":"G Dong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dong G, Devito EE, Du X, Cui Z: Impaired inhibitory control in \u2018internet addiction disorder\u2019: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res. 2012, 203: 153-158. 10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.02.001.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"465_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.06.017","volume":"45","author":"G Dong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dong G, Huang J, Du X: Enhanced reward sensitivity and decreased loss sensitivity in Internet addicts: an fMRI study during a guessing task. J Psychiatr Res. 2011, 45: 1525-1529. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.06.017.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"465_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00405.x","volume":"18","author":"CH Ko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ko CH, Liu GC, Yen JY, Chen CY, Yen CF, Chen CS: Brain correlates of craving for online gaming under cue exposure in subjects with Internet gaming addiction and in remitted subjects. Addict Biol. 2013, 18: 559-569. 10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00405.x.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"465_CR16","first-page":"419","volume-title":"roc SPIE 4683, Med Imaging 2002: Physiol Funct Multidimensional Images","author":"J Ha-Kyu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ha-Kyu J, Hee-Joung K, Haijo J, Hye-Kyung S, Dong-Hyeon K, Mijin Y, Yee-Jin S, Jong-Doo L: PET imaging and quantitation of Internet-addicted patients and normal controls. roc SPIE 4683, Med Imaging 2002: Physiol Funct Multidimensional Images. 2002, 419-101117\/12463609. April 22, 2002"},{"key":"465_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900027437","volume":"15","author":"HS Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park HS, Kim SH, Bang SA, Yoon EJ, Cho SS, Kim SE: Altered regional cerebral glucose metabolism in internet game overusers: a 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study. CNS Spectr. 2010, 15: 159-166.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"465_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910230106","volume":"23","author":"JA Detre","year":"1992","unstructured":"Detre JA, Leigh JS, Williams DS, Koretsky AP: Perfusion imaging. Magnetic resonance in medicine: official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine\/Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1992, 23: 37-45. 10.1002\/mrm.1910230106.","journal-title":"Magnetic resonance in medicine: official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine\/Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"465_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0990","volume":"15","author":"GK Aguirre","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aguirre GK, Detre JA, Zarahn E, Alsop DC: Experimental design and the relative sensitivity of BOLD and perfusion fMRI. Neuroimage. 2002, 15: 488-500. 10.1006\/nimg.2001.0990.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"465_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10372","volume":"18","author":"J Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang J, Licht DJ, Jahng GH, Liu CS, Rubin JT, Haselgrove J, Zimmerman RA, Detre JA: Pediatric perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003, 18: 404-413. 10.1002\/jmri.10372.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"465_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300210286","volume":"4","author":"KW Beard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beard KW, Wolf EM: Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2001, 4: 377-383. 10.1089\/109493101300210286.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"465_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05305whi","volume":"71","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Sheehan KH, Shytle RD, Janavs J, Bannon Y, Rogers JE, Milo KM, Stock SL, Wilkinson B: Reliability and validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 313-326. 10.4088\/JCP.09m05305whi.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"465_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","volume":"1","author":"KS Young","year":"1998","unstructured":"Young KS: Internet addiction:the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav. 1998, 1: 237-244. 10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"465_CR24","first-page":"279","volume":"45","author":"SHWL Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen SHWL, Su YJ, Wu HM, Yang PF: Development of Chinese Internet addcition scale and its psychometric study. Chinese J Psychol. 2003, 45: 279-294.","journal-title":"Chinese J Psychol"},{"key":"465_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0","volume":"12","author":"WW Zung","year":"1971","unstructured":"Zung WW: A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics. 1971, 12: 371-379.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"465_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","volume":"12","author":"WW Zung","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zung WW: A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965, 12: 63-70. 10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"465_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"51","author":"JH Patton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Patton JH, Stanford MS, Barratt ES: Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. J Clin Psychol. 1995, 51: 768-774. 10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"465_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111509","volume":"263","author":"V Jain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jain V, Duda J, Avants B, Giannetta M, Xie SX, Roberts T, Detre JA, Hurt H, Wehrli FW, Wang DJ: Longitudinal reproducibility and accuracy of pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeled perfusion MR imaging in typically developing children. Radiology. 2012, 263: 527-536. 10.1148\/radiol.12111509.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"465_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0028","volume":"4","author":"DCDJ Alsop","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alsop DCDJ, D\u2019Esposito M, Howard RS, Maldjian JA, Grossman M, Listerud J, Flamm ES, Judy KD, Atlas SW: Functional activation during an auditory comprehension task in patients with temporal lobe lesions. Neuroimage. 1996, 4: 55-59. 10.1006\/nimg.1996.0028.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"465_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2351031663","volume":"235","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang Y, Wolf RL, Roc AC, Alsop DC, Detre JA: Amplitude-modulated continuous arterial spin-labeling 3.0-T perfusion MR imaging with a single coil: feasibility study. Radiology. 2005, 235: 218-228. 10.1148\/radiol.2351031663.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"465_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq090","volume":"21","author":"ACS Pfefferbaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pfefferbaum ACS, Pitel AL, M\u00fcller-Oehring E, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Rohlfing T, Sullivan EV: Cerebral blood flow in posterior cortical nodes of the default mode network decreases with task engagement but remains higher than in most brain regions. Cereb Cortex. 2011, 21: 233-244. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhq090.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"465_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-012-1077-x","volume":"55","author":"SM Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim SM, Kim MJ, Rhee HY, Ryu CW, Kim EJ, Petersen ET, Jahng GH: Regional cerebral perfusion in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: effect of APOE epsilon4 allele. Neuroradiology. 2013, 55: 25-34. 10.1007\/s00234-012-1077-x.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"465_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2343040197","volume":"234","author":"NA Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson NA, Jahng GH, Weiner MW, Miller BL, Chui HC, Jagust WJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Schuff N: Pattern of cerebral hypoperfusion in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment measured with arterial spin-labeling MR imaging: initial experience. Radiology. 2005, 234: 851-859. 10.1148\/radiol.2343040197.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"465_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238163.71349.78","volume":"67","author":"AT Du","year":"2006","unstructured":"Du AT, Jahng GH, Hayasaka S, Kramer JH, Rosen HJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rankin KP, Miller BL, Weiner MW, Schuff N: Hypoperfusion in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease by arterial spin labeling MRI. Neurology. 2006, 67: 1215-1220. 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238163.71349.78.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"465_CR35","first-page":"27","volume":"113","author":"KL Leenders","year":"1990","unstructured":"Leenders KL, Perani D, Lammertsma AA, Heather JD, Buckingham P, Healy MJ, Gibbs JM, Wise RJ, Hatazawa J, Herold S: Cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygen utilization. Normal values and effect of age. Brain: J Neurol. 1990, 113 (Pt 1): 27-47.","journal-title":"Normal values and effect of age. Brain: J Neurol"},{"key":"465_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.047","volume":"499","author":"G Dong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dong G, Zhou H, Zhao X: Male Internet addicts show impaired executive control ability: evidence from a color-word Stroop task. Neurosci Lett. 2011, 499: 114-118. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.047.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"465_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0063","volume":"15","author":"HW Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee HW, Choi JS, Shin YC, Lee JY, Jung HY, Kwon JS: Impulsivity in internet addiction: a comparison with pathological gambling. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2012, 15: 373-377. 10.1089\/cyber.2012.0063.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"465_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/67705974","volume":"79","author":"ET Petersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petersen ET, Zimine I, Ho YC, Golay X: Non-invasive measurement of perfusion: a critical review of arterial spin labelling techniques. Br J Radiol. 2006, 79: 688-701. 10.1259\/bjr\/67705974.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"465_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0b013e3181808140","volume":"19","author":"J Theberge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Theberge J: Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in psychiatry. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2008, 19: 111-130. 10.1097\/RMR.0b013e3181808140.","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"465_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868","volume":"87","author":"S Ogawa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ogawa S, Lee TM, Kay AR, Tank DW: Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990, 87: 9868-9872. 10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"465_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10437","volume":"49","author":"J Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang J, Aguirre GK, Kimberg DY, Roc AC, Li L, Detre JA: Arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI with very low task frequency. Magn Res Med J Society of Magnetic Res Med\/Society of Magn Res Med. 2003, 49: 796-802.","journal-title":"Magn Res Med J Society of Magnetic Res Med\/Society of Magn Res Med"},{"key":"465_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10904","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191101098","volume":"98","author":"TQ Duong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duong TQ, Kim DS, Ugurbil K, Kim SG: Localized cerebral blood flow response at submillimeter columnar resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 10904-10909. 10.1073\/pnas.191101098.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"465_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci2030347","volume":"2","author":"JK Daria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daria JK, Mark D: Griffiths: Internet and Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging. Studies brain sciences. 2012, 2: 347-374. 10.3390\/brainsci2030347.","journal-title":"Studies brain sciences"},{"key":"465_CR44","first-page":"290","volume":"3","author":"SS Alavi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M: Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views. Int J Preventive Med. 2012, 3: 290-294.","journal-title":"Int J Preventive Med"},{"key":"465_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290001511X","volume":"11","author":"JE Grant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant JE, Brewer JA, Potenza MN: The neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions. CNS Spectr. 2006, 11: 924-930.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"465_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854524","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/854524","volume":"2012","author":"H Hou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hou H, Jia S, Hu S, Fan R, Sun W, Sun T, Zhang H: Reduced striatal dopamine transporters in people with internet addiction disorder. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012, 2012: 854524-","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"465_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328346e16e","volume":"22","author":"SH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim SH, Baik SH, Park CS, Kim SJ, Choi SW, Kim SE: Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with Internet addiction. Neuroreport. 2011, 22: 407-411. 10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328346e16e.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"465_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/30498","volume":"393","author":"MJ Koepp","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koepp MJ, Gunn RN, Lawrence AD, Cunningham VJ, Dagher A, Jones T, Brooks DJ, Bench CJ, Grasby PM: Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game. Nature. 1998, 393: 266-268. 10.1038\/30498.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"465_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119801200103","volume":"12","author":"CP O\u2019Brien","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien CP, Childress AR, Ehrman R, Robbins SJ: Conditioning factors in drug abuse: can they explain compulsion?. J Psychopharmacol. 1998, 12: 15-22. 10.1177\/026988119801200103.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"465_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.09.009","volume":"32","author":"NH Naqvi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naqvi NH, Bechara A: The hidden island of addiction: the insula. Trends Neurosci. 2009, 32: 56-67. 10.1016\/j.tins.2008.09.009.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"465_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.026","volume":"62","author":"AL Brody","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brody AL, Mandelkern MA, Olmstead RE, Jou J, Tiongson E, Allen V, Scheibal D, London ED, Monterosso JR, Tiffany ST: Neural substrates of resisting craving during cigarette cue exposure. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 62: 642-651. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.026.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"465_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.4.334","volume":"58","author":"CD Kilts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kilts CD, Schweitzer JB, Quinn CK, Gross RE, Faber TL, Muhammad F, Ely TD, Hoffman JM, Drexler KP: Neural activity related to drug craving in cocaine addiction. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001, 58: 334-341. 10.1001\/archpsyc.58.4.334.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"465_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.07.003","volume":"29","author":"SF Tapert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tapert SF, Brown GG, Baratta MV, Brown SA: fMRI BOLD response to alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependent young women. Addict Behav. 2004, 29: 33-50. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.07.003.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"465_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012470999","volume":"99","author":"G Bush","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bush G, Vogt BA, Holmes J, Dale AM, Greve D, Jenike MA, Rosen BR: Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: a role in reward-based decision making. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002, 99: 523-528. 10.1073\/pnas.012470999.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"465_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1403","volume":"162","author":"PW Kalivas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalivas PW, Volkow ND: The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. Am J Psychiatry. 2005, 162: 1403-1413. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1403.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"465_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13016","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903863106","volume":"106","author":"FM Filbey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Filbey FM, Schacht JP, Myers US, Chavez RS, Hutchison KE: Marijuana craving in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 13016-13021. 10.1073\/pnas.0903863106.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"465_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0433-05.2005","volume":"25","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Ma Y, Fowler JS, Wong C, Ding YS, Hitzemann R, Swanson JM, Kalivas P: Activation of orbital and medial prefrontal cortex by methylphenidate in cocaine-addicted subjects but not in controls: relevance to addiction. J Neurosci. 2005, 25: 3932-3939. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0433-05.2005.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"465_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.124","volume":"155","author":"LC Maas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maas LC, Lukas SE, Kaufman MJ, Weiss RD, Daniels SL, Rogers VW, Kukes TJ, Renshaw PF: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activation during cue-induced cocaine craving. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 124-126.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"465_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0327","volume":"13","author":"DH Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han DH, Kim YS, Lee YS, Min KJ, Renshaw PF: Changes in cue-induced, prefrontal cortex activity with video-game play. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2010, 13: 655-661. 10.1089\/cyber.2009.0327.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"465_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.9.825","volume":"11","author":"TS Braver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Braver TS, Barch DM, Gray JR, Molfese DL, Snyder A: Anterior cingulate cortex and response conflict: effects of frequency, inhibition and errors. Cereb Cortex. 2001, 11: 825-836. 10.1093\/cercor\/11.9.825.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"465_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8301","volume":"96","author":"H Garavan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garavan H, Ross TJ, Stein EA: Right hemispheric dominance of inhibitory control: an event-related functional MRI study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 8301-8306. 10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8301.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"465_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.03.018","volume":"20","author":"T Hershey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hershey T, Black KJ, Hartlein J, Braver TS, Barch DM, Carl JL, Perlmutter JS: Dopaminergic modulation of response inhibition: an fMRI study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2004, 20: 438-448. 10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.03.018.","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"465_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012","volume":"43","author":"CH Ko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ko CH, Liu GC, Hsiao S, Yen JY, Yang MJ, Lin WC, Yen CF, Chen CS: Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. J Psychiatr Res. 2009, 43: 739-747. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"465_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.12.081","volume":"1321","author":"JJ Paakki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paakki JJ, Rahko J, Long X, Moilanen I, Tervonen O, Nikkinen J, Starck T, Remes J, Hurtig T, Haapsamo H: Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res. 2010, 1321: 169-179.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"465_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-8-41","volume":"8","author":"G Dong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dong G, Huang J, Du X: Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity in internet gaimg addicts. Behav Brain Funct. 2012, 8: 41-10.1186\/1744-9081-8-41.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"465_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1245","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2596","volume":"120","author":"H Rao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao H, Wang J, Giannetta J, Korczykowski M, Shera D, Avants BB, Gee J, Detre JA, Hurt H: Altered resting cerebral blood flow in adolescents with in utero cocaine exposure revealed by perfusion functional MRI. Pediat. 2007, 120: e1245-e1254. 10.1542\/peds.2006-2596.","journal-title":"Pediat"},{"key":"465_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00181-7","volume":"23","author":"ES Bandstra","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bandstra ES, Morrow CE, Anthony JC, Accornero VH, Fried PA: Longitudinal investigation of task persistence and sustained attention in children with prenatal cocaine exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2001, 23: 545-559. 10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00181-7.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"465_CR68","first-page":"42","volume":"26","author":"J Savage","year":"2005","unstructured":"Savage J, Brodsky NL, Malmud E, Giannetta JM, Hurt H: Attentional functioning and impulse control in cocaine-exposed and control children at age ten years. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005, 26: 42-47.","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"465_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00109-6","volume":"68","author":"PC Gottschalk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gottschalk PC, Kosten TR: Cerebral perfusion defects in combined cocaine and alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002, 68: 95-104. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00109-6.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"}],"container-title":["Behavioral and Brain Functions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1744-9081-9-33.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T01:06:46Z","timestamp":1630544806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1744-9081-9-33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-9081-9-33","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"33"}}