{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:49:00Z","timestamp":1788475740885,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Occup Med Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>spp is currently composed of encapsulated yeasts of cosmopolitan distribution, including the etiological agents of cryptococcosis. The fungus are found mainly in substrates of animal and plant origin. Human infection occurs through inhalation of spores present in the environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty-four swab collections were performed on dust found on books in three libraries in the city of Cuiab\u00e1, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The material was seeded in Sabouraud agar and then observed for characteristics compatible with colonies with a creamy to mucous aspect; the material was then isolated in birdseed (Niger) agar and cultivated at a temperature of 37\u00b0C for 5 to 7\u2009days. Identification of isolated colonies was performed by microscopic observation in fresh preparations dyed with India ink, additional tests performed on CGB (L-canavanine glycine bromothymol blue), urea broth, and carbohydrate assimilation tests (auxanogram).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 84 samples collected from book dust, 18 (21.4%) were positive for<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>spp totalizing 41 UFC\u2019s. The most frequently isolated species was<jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>15 (36.6%); followed by<jats:italic>C. terreus,<\/jats:italic>12 (29.3%);<jats:italic>C. luteolus<\/jats:italic>4 (9.8%);<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>C. uniguttulatus<\/jats:italic>3 (7.3%), and<jats:italic>C. albidus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. humiculus<\/jats:italic>with 2 (4.6%) of the isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high biodiversity of the yeasts of the<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>genus, isolated from different environmental sources in urban areas of Brazil suggests the possibility of individuals whose immune systems have been compromised or even healthy individuals coming into sources of fungal propagules on a daily bases throughout their lives. This study demonstrates the acquisition possible of cryptococcosis infection from dust in libraries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-7-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]],"date-time":"2012-06-13T11:06:03Z","timestamp":1339585563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cryptococcus spp isolated from dust microhabitat in Brazilian libraries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Diniz P","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janaina V R S","family":"Amadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelin R","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A A","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Caroline A","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio A","family":"Leal-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doracilde T","family":"Takahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane C","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.73-77.2003","volume":"41","author":"MM Nishikawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nishikawa MM, Lazera MS, Barbosa GG, Trilles L, Balassiano BR, Macedo RCL, Bezerra CCF, P\u00e9rez MA, Cardarelli P, Wanke B: Serotyping of 467 Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Brazil: analysis of host and regional patterns. J Clin Microbiol 2003,41(1):72\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652003000600001","volume":"45","author":"MCSM Pappalardo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pappalardo MCSM, Melhem MSC: Cryptococcosis: a review of the brazilian experience for the disease. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 2003,45(6):299\u2013305.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo"},{"key":"201_CR3","first-page":"63","volume":"14","author":"MF Colom-Valiente","year":"1997","unstructured":"Colom-Valiente MF, Alberdi M, Meseguer I, Torres-Rodriguez JM: Aislamiento de Cryptococcus neoformans em muestras de m\u00e9dio ambiente de Alicante. Rev Iberoam Micol 1997, 14: 63\u201364.","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-4-891","volume":"147","author":"T Boekhout","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boekhout T, Theelen B, Diaz M, Fell JW, Hop WC, Abeln EC, Dromer F, Meyer W: Hybrids genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans . Microbiol 2001,147(4):891\u2013907.","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.2307\/1555045","volume":"51","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung KJ, Boekhout T, Fell JW, Diaz M: Proposal to conserve the name Cryptococcus gattii against C. hondurianus and C. bacillisporus (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes, Tremellomycetidae). Taxon 2002, 51: 804\u2013806. 10.2307\/1555045","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"201_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.2307\/25065386","volume":"54","author":"W Gams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gams W: Report of the Committee for fungi: 12. Taxon 2005, 54: 520\u2013522. 10.2307\/25065386","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00088.x","volume":"6","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung KJ, Varma A: Do major species concepts support one, two or more species within Cryptococcus neoformans ? FEMS Yeast Res 2006, 6: 574\u201387. 10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00088.x","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"201_CR8","first-page":"6","volume":"44","author":"NTMRC Nigro","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nigro NTMRC, Pereira AD, Huggins DW, Lacaz CS: Isolamento de Cryptococcus neoformans de fezes de pombos, do solo e ninhos de pombos. Rev Bras Med 1987, 44: 6\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000600008","volume":"35","author":"WFOF Fili\u00fa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fili\u00fa WFOF, Wanke B, Ag\u00fcena SM, Vilela VO, Macedo RCL, Lazera MS: Cativeiro de aves como fonte de Crytopcoccus neoformans na cidade de Campo Grande Mato grosso do Sul. Brasil Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2002,35(6):591\u2013594. 10.1590\/S0037-86822002000600008","journal-title":"Brasil Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000200003","volume":"48","author":"FA Baroni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baroni FA, Paula CR, SILVA EG, SILVA FC, Rivera ING, Oliveira MTB, Gambale W: Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro city, RJ, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 2006,48(2):71\u201375.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo"},{"key":"201_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.2.430-431.1987","volume":"25","author":"DH Ellis","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ellis DH: Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in Australia . J Clin Microbiol 1987, 25: 430\u2013431.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219280000541","volume":"30","author":"TJ Pfeiffer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pfeiffer TJ, Ellis DH: Environmental isolation of C. neoformans var. gatt ii, from E. territicornis . J Med Vet Mycol 1992, 30: 407\u2013408. 10.1080\/02681219280000541","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"issue":"7","key":"201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.7.1642-1644.1990","volume":"28","author":"DH Ellis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ: Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. J Clin Microbiol 1990,28(7):1642\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"201_CR14","first-page":"42","volume":"14","author":"TC Sorrel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sorrel TC, Ellis D: Ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans . Rev Ibveroam Micol 1997, 14: 42\u201343.","journal-title":"Rev Ibveroam Micol"},{"issue":"539","key":"201_CR15","first-page":"157","volume":"96","author":"FM Bernardo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernardo FM, Martin HM, Martin ML: Urban Sources of Cryptococcus spp - Lisbon (Portugal). RPCV 2001,96(539):157\u2013160.","journal-title":"RPCV"},{"key":"201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219380000581","volume":"31","author":"MS Lazera","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lazera MS, Wanke B, Nishikawa MM: Isolation of both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans from saprophytic sources in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Brazil J Med Vet Mycol 1993, 31: 449\u2013454. 10.1080\/02681219380000581","journal-title":"Brazil J Med Vet Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219680000191","volume":"34","author":"MS Lazera","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lazera MS, Pires FDA, Camillo-Coura L, Nishikawa MM, Bezerra CCF, Trilles L, Wanke B: Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees. J Med Vet Mycol 1996, 34: 127\u2013131. 10.1080\/02681219680000191","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR18","first-page":"119","volume":"36","author":"MS Lazera","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lazera MS, Cavalcanti MAS, Thilles L, Nishikawa MM, Wanke B: Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii: evidence for a natural habitat related to decaying wood in pottery three hollow. Med Mycol 1998, 36: 119\u2013122.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/714030957","volume":"38","author":"MS Lazera","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lazera MS, Salmito CMA, Londero AT, Trilles L, Nishikawa MM, Wanke B: Possible primary ecological niche of Cryptococcus neoformans . Med Mycol 2000, 38: 379\u2013383.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR20","first-page":"9","volume":"5","author":"ME Silva","year":"1963","unstructured":"Silva ME, Paula LA: Isolamento de Cryptococcus neoformans de excrementos e ninhos de pombos (Columba livia) em Salvador, Bahia (Brasil). Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 1963, 5: 9\u201311.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo"},{"key":"201_CR21","first-page":"73","volume":"22","author":"Z Hubalek","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hubalek Z: Distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon habitat. Folia Parasit 1975, 22: 73\u2013179.","journal-title":"Folia Parasit"},{"key":"201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000481","volume":"36","author":"LFC Passoni","year":"1998","unstructured":"Passoni LFC, Wanke B, Nishikawa MM, Laz\u00e9ra MS: Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from human dwellings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: an analysis of the domestic environment of AIDS patients with and without cryptococcosis. Medical Mycology 1998, 36: 305\u201311.","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515","volume":"8","author":"TG Mitchell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mitchell TG, Perfect JR: Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS \u2013 100\u2009years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans . Clin Microbiol Reviews 1995,8(4):515\u201348.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1214-1218.2002","volume":"40","author":"R Ikeda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ikeda R, Sugita T, Juacobson ES, Shinoda T: Laccase and Melanization in Clinically Important Cryptococcus species other than Cryptococcus neoformans . J Clin Microbiol 2002,40(4):1214\u20138. 10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1214-1218.2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/714031150","volume":"40","author":"JA Horta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Horta JA, Staats CC, Casali AK, Ribeiro AM, Schrank IS, Schrank A, Vainstein MH: Epidemiological aspects of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul. Medical Mycology 2002,40(6):565\u201371.","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"key":"201_CR26","volume-title":"Tratado de Micologia M\u00e9dica","author":"CS Lacaz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lacaz CS, Porto E, Martins JEC, Heins-Vaccari EM, Melo NT: Tratado de Micologia M\u00e9dica. 9th edition. Sarvier, S\u00e3o Paulo; 2002.","edition":"9"},{"key":"201_CR27","first-page":"866 p","volume-title":"Medical Mycology","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE: Medical Mycology. Lea e Fibiger, Philadelphia; 1992:866 p."},{"key":"201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.5.385.390","volume":"38","author":"H Montenegro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Montenegro H, Paula CR: Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Med Mycol 2000, 38: 385\u2013390.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2001.00651.x","volume":"44","author":"ST Fortes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fortes ST, Laz\u00e9ra MS, Nishikawa MM, Macedo RC, Wanke B: First isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from a native jungle trees in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Mycoses 2001, 44: 127\u201340.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"5","key":"201_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822008000500003","volume":"41","author":"LM Baltazar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baltazar LM, Ribeiro MA: Primeiro isolamento ambiental de Cryptococcus gattii no estado do esp\u00edrito santo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2008,41(5):449\u201353. 10.1590\/S0037-86822008000500003","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.13102\/scb8119","volume":"7","author":"LS Santana","year":"2007","unstructured":"Santana LS, Costa MSF, Queiroz LA: Ocorr\u00eancia de Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (1901) em excretas de pombos no per\u00edmetro urbano de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Sitientibus S\u00e9rie Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas 2007,7(2):170\u2013175.","journal-title":"Sitientibus S\u00e9rie Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.53393\/rial.2008.67.32781","volume":"67","author":"JO Silva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silva JO, Capuano DM: Ocorr\u00eancia de Cryptococcus spp e de parasitas de interesse em sa\u00fade p\u00fablica, nos excretas de pombos na cidade de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz 2008,67(2):137\u2013141.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz"},{"key":"201_CR33","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental de Cryptococcus neoformans na Cidade de Votuporanga","author":"C Rezende","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rezende C, Munh\u00f3z CJM, Almeida GG: Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental de Cryptococcus neoformans na Cidade de Votuporanga. Newslab, S\u00e3o Paulo; 2008:87."},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652005000400005","volume":"47","author":"CCBA Kobayashi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kobayashi CCBA, Souza LKH, Fernandes OFL, Brito SCA, Silva AC, Sousa ED, Silva MRR: Characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from urban environmental sources in Goiania, Goias State, Brazil. Rev Ins Med Trop S Paulo 2005,47(4):203\u2013207.","journal-title":"Rev Ins Med Trop S Paulo"},{"issue":"5","key":"201_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-24442004000500003","volume":"40","author":"A Reolon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reolon A, Rodrigues LR, Mezzari A: Preval\u00eancia de Cryptococcus neoformans nos pombos urbanos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. J Bras Patol Med Lab 2004,40(5):293\u20138. 10.1590\/S1676-24442004000500003","journal-title":"J Bras Patol Med Lab"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-005-0186-z","volume":"161","author":"MA Abegg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abegg MA, Cella FC, Faganello J, Valent P, Schrank A, Vainstein MH: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolated from the excreta of Psittaciformes in a Southern Brazilian Zoological Garden. Mycopathologia 2006,161(2):83\u201391. 10.1007\/s11046-005-0186-z","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000200018","volume":"43","author":"RO Faria","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faria RO, Nascente PS, Meinerz ARM, Cleff MB, Antunes TA, Silveira TA, Silveira ES, Nobre MO, Meireles MCA, Mello JRB: Ocorr\u00eancia de Cryptococcus neoformans em excretas de pombos na cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010,43(2):198\u2013200. 10.1590\/S0037-86822010000200018","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000600010","volume":"42","author":"OC Favalessa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Favalessa OC, Ribeiro LC, Tadano T, Fontes CJF, Dias FB, Coelho BPA, Hahn RC: Primeira descri\u00e7\u00e3o da caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o fenot\u00edpica e susceptibilidade in vitro a drogas de leveduras do g\u00eanero Cryptococcus spp isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e negativos, Estado de Mato Grosso. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009,42(6):661\u2013665. 10.1590\/S0037-86822009000600010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"201_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652005000100006","volume":"47","author":"MCB Soares","year":"2005","unstructured":"Soares MCB, Paula CR, Dias ALT, Caseiro MM, Costa SOP: Environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in the city of Santos, SP, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2005, 47: 31\u201336.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1406(05)70015-2","volume":"22","author":"E Quintero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quintero E, Casta\u00f1eda E, Ruiz A: Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in the department of Cundinamarca-Colombia. Rev Iberoam Micol 2005,22(2):93\u20138. 10.1016\/S1130-1406(05)70015-2","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.9.4.551","volume":"9","author":"R Pukkila-Worley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pukkila-Worley R, Mylonakis E: Epidemiology and management of cryptococcal meningitis: developments and challenges. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008,9(4):551\u201360. 10.1517\/14656566.9.4.551","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"10","key":"201_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00542-09","volume":"77","author":"R Velagapudi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Velagapudi R, Hsueh YP, Geunes-Boyer S, Wright JR, Heitman J: Spores as infectious propagules of Cryptococcus neoformans . Infect Immun 2009,77(10):4345\u201355. 10.1128\/IAI.00542-09","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"201_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80124-6","volume":"282","author":"G Criseo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Criseo G, Bolignano MS, De Leo F, Staib F: Evidence of canary droppings as an important reservoir of Cryptococcus neoformans . Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologia 1995,282(3):244\u201354.","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologia"},{"key":"201_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219180000051","volume":"29","author":"D Swinne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Swinne D, Deppner M, Maniratunga S, Laroche R, Floch JJ, Kadense P: AIDS \u2013 Associated Cryptococcosis in Bujunbura, Burundi and Epidemiological Study. J Med Vet Mycol 1991, 29: 25\u201330. 10.1080\/02681219180000051","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR45","first-page":"768","volume":"37","author":"S Soogarun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soogarun S, Wiwanitki V, Palasuwan A, Pradniwat P, Suwansaksri J, Lertlum T, Maungkote T: Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in bird excreta. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006,37(4):768\u201370.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MYCO.0000041840.34011.23","volume":"158","author":"AM Hamascha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hamascha AM, Vildiran ST, Gonlum A, Saracli MA, Doganci L: Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from material under the canopies of eucalyptus trees and pigeon dropping samples from four major cities in Jordan. Mycopathologia 2002,158(2):195\u20139.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"suppl I","key":"201_CR47","first-page":"67","volume":"38","author":"A Restrepo","year":"200","unstructured":"Restrepo A, Baumgardner DJ, Bagagli E, Cooper CRJr, Mcginnis MR, L\u00e1zera MS, Barbosa FH, Bosco FH, Bosco SM, Camargo ZP, Coelho KI, Fortes ST, Franco M, Montenegro MR, Sano A, Wanke B: Clues to the presence of pathogenic fungi in certain environments. Med Mycol 200,38(suppl I):67\u201377.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01374.x","volume":"50","author":"JQ Reim\u00e3o","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reim\u00e3o JQ, Drummond ED, Terceti MS, Lyon JP, Franco MC, Siqueira AM: Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from hollows of living trees in the city of Alfenas, MG, Brasil. Mycosis 2007, 50: 261\u2013264. 10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01374.x","journal-title":"Mycosis"},{"key":"201_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802124026","volume":"46","author":"HS Randhawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Chowdhary A, Preeti Sinha K, Kahan ZU, Sun S, Xu J: The expanding host tree species spectrum of Cryptococcus gatti and Cryptococcus neoformans and their isolation from surrounding soil in India. Med Mycol 2008, 46: 823\u201333. 10.1080\/13693780802124026","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01699.x","volume":"53","author":"CP Girish","year":"2010","unstructured":"Girish CP, Prabu D, Mitani H, Mikami Y, Menon T: Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from living trees in Guindy National Park, Chennai, South India. Mycoses 2010, 53: 262\u20134. 10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01699.x","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"201_CR51","first-page":"27","volume":"13","author":"BA Licea","year":"1996","unstructured":"Licea BA, Garza DG, Z\u00fa\u00f1iga MT: Aislamento de Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii de Eucalyptus tereticornis . Rev Iberoam Micol 1996, 13: 27\u201328.","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"issue":"2","key":"201_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007166818993","volume":"148","author":"YAG Mahmoud","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mahmoud YAG: First environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and var. gattii from the Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Mycopathologia 1999,148(2):83\u201386. 10.1023\/A:1007166818993","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"201_CR53","first-page":"110","volume":"35","author":"G Davel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davel G, Abrant R, Brudny M, C\u00f3rdoba S, Rodero L, Canteros CE, Perrotta D: Primer aislamiento ambiental de Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii em Argentina. Rev. Arg. Microbiol 2003, 35: 110\u201312.","journal-title":"Rev. Arg. Microbiol"},{"key":"201_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000531","volume":"36","author":"A Callejas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Callejas A, Ordo\u00f1ez N, Rodrigues MC, Casta\u00f1eda E: First isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype C from the environment in Colombia. Med Mycol 1998, 36: 341\u2013344.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"201_CR55","first-page":"625","volume":"6","author":"P Escand\u00f3n","year":"2006","unstructured":"Escand\u00f3n P, S\u00e1chez A, Mart\u00ednes M, Meyer W, Casta\u00f1eda E: Molecular epidemiology of clinical and environmental isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex reveals a high genetic diversity and the presence of the molecular type VGII mating type a in Colombia. Fed. Europ. Microbiol. Societies Yeast Res 2006, 6: 625\u201335.","journal-title":"Fed. Europ. Microbiol. Societies Yeast Res"},{"key":"201_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780600860946","volume":"44","author":"HS Randhawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Preeti Sinha K, Chowdhary A, Khan ZU, Yan Z, Xu J, Kumar A: Distribution of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans in decayed trunk wood of Syzygium cumini trees in north-western India. Med Mycology 2006, 44: 623\u201330. 10.1080\/13693780600860946","journal-title":"Med Mycology"},{"issue":"49","key":"201_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402981101","volume":"101","author":"SE Kidd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tsharke RL, Hyunh M, Bartlett KH, Fyfe M, Macdougall L, Boekhout T, Kwon-Chung KJ, Meyer W, Rita R: A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004,101(49):17258\u201363. 10.1073\/pnas.0402981101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"201_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01330-06","volume":"73","author":"SE Kidd","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kidd SE, Chow Y, Mak S, Back PJ, Chen H, Hingston OA, Kronstad JW, Bartlett KH: Characterization of environmental sources of the human and animal pathogen Cryptococcus gatti in British Columbia, Canada, and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Appl Environm Microbiol 2007, 73: 1433\u201343. 10.1128\/AEM.01330-06","journal-title":"Appl Environm Microbiol"},{"key":"201_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1601.090369","volume":"16","author":"DJ Springer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Springer DJ, Chaturvedi V: Projecting global occurrence of Cryptococcus gattii . Emerg Infect Dis 2010, 16: 14\u201320. 10.3201\/eid1601.090369","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-010-9296-3","volume":"170","author":"Y Loperena-Alvarez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loperena-Alvarez Y, Ren P, Li X, Bopp DJ, Ruiz A, Chaturvedi V, Rios-Velasques C: Genotypic characterization of environmental isolates of Cryptococcus gattii from Puerto Rico. Mycopathologia 2010,170(4):279\u201385. 10.1007\/s11046-010-9296-3","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"201_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v31i1.342","volume":"31","author":"C Firacative","year":"2011","unstructured":"Firacative C, Torre GR, Rodrigues MC, Escand\u00f3n P: First environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii serotype B, from C\u00facuta, Colombia. Biomedica 2011, 31: 118\u201323.","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"201_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1406(08)70020-2","volume":"25","author":"I Rosario","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosario I, Acosta B, Colom F: La paloma y otras aves como reservorio de Cryptococcus spp. Rev Iberoam Micol 2008, 25: 13\u201318. 10.1016\/S1130-1406(08)70020-2","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"201_CR63","volume-title":"Isolamento e identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Cryptococcus neoformans a partir de excretas de pombos provenientes de locais p\u00fablicos e resid\u00eanciais de Cuiab\u00e1 e V\u00e1rzea Grande \u2013 MT","author":"DT Takahara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takahara DT: Isolamento e identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Cryptococcus neoformans a partir de excretas de pombos provenientes de locais p\u00fablicos e resid\u00eanciais de Cuiab\u00e1 e V\u00e1rzea Grande \u2013 MT. 122 pth edition. (MSc. Dissertation. Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas \u2013 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiab\u00e1\/MT; 2011.","edition":"122 pth"},{"key":"201_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-004-0236-y","volume":"49","author":"DP Granados","year":"2005","unstructured":"Granados DP, Casta\u00f1eda E: Isolation and characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans varieties recovered from natural sources in Bogota, Colombia and study of ecological conditions in the area. Microb Ecol 2005, 49: 282\u201390. 10.1007\/s00248-004-0236-y","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00090.x","volume":"6","author":"DP Granados","year":"2006","unstructured":"Granados DP, Casta\u00f1eda E: Influence of climatic conditions on the isolation of members of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex from tress in Colombia from 1992\u20132004. FEMS Yeast Res 2006,6(4):636\u201344. 10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00090.x","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"201_CR66","first-page":"81","volume":"35","author":"CM Ishaq","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ishaq CM, Bulmer GS, Felton EG: An evaluation of various environmental factors affecting the propagation of Cryptococcus neoformans . Mycopathology 1968, 35: 81\u201390.","journal-title":"Mycopathology"},{"key":"201_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-6142-8","volume":"35","author":"T Khawcharoenporn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khawcharoenporn T, Apisarnthanarak A, Muny LM: Non-neoformans cryptococcal infectious: a systematic review. Infection 2007, 35: 51\u20137. 10.1007\/s15010-007-6142-8","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"201_CR68","first-page":"96","volume":"102","author":"RS Pedroso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pedroso RS, Penatti MPA, Maffei CML, Candido RC: Infec\u00e7\u00f5es causadas por Cryptococcus albidus e C. laurentii : Implica\u00e7\u00f5es Cl\u00ednicas e Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o Laboratorial. Newslab 2010, 102: 96\u2013104.","journal-title":"Newslab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1745-6673-7-11.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1745-6673-7-11\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1745-6673-7-11.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T09:42:41Z","timestamp":1714038161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/occup-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1745-6673-7-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1745-6673-7-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"11"}}