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The authors report a case of a radiation-induced leiomyosarcoma of the tonsillar region of the oropharynx in a 51-year-old male patient, who had undergone radiation therapy of this region 38 years before. The lesion was treated by radical surgery. Diagnostic steps, histological presentation and therapy are described in detail and the literature concerning radiation induced malignancies in general as well as radiation induced leiomyosarcoma in particular is reviewed. The highlights of this case are an extremely uncommon location and a rare pathological entity of radiation induced malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-1-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,22]],"date-time":"2006-08-22T18:14:47Z","timestamp":1156270487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Radiation-induced leiomyosarcoma of the oropharynx"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten Christof","family":"Boedeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd J\u00fcrgen","family":"Ridder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian","family":"Kayser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110871838","volume-title":"Pathologie","author":"S Bluemke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bluemke S: Pathologie. 1995, Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 877-"},{"key":"22_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-09660-4","volume-title":"Knochenkrankheiten","author":"CP Adler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adler CP: Knochenkrankheiten. 2004, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 410-3","edition":"3"},{"key":"22_CR3","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Pathologie","author":"W Boecker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boecker W, Denk H, Heitz PU: Pathologie. 2004, Munich: Urban & Fischer Verlag, 206-1082. 3","edition":"3"},{"key":"22_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420120013002","volume":"127","author":"MS Brady","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brady MS, Gaynor JJ, Brennan MF: Radiation-associated sarcoma of bone and soft tissue. 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