{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:23:54Z","timestamp":1791951834998,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395619200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160x-10-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T23:27:33Z","timestamp":1395703653000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Melanin: the biophysiology of oral melanocytes and physiological oral pigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Liviu","family":"Feller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aubrey","family":"Masilana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razia AG","family":"Khammissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Altini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Jadwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"330_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05660","volume":"445","author":"JY Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin JY, Fisher DE: Melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation. Nature. 2007, 445: 843-850. 10.1038\/nature05660.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"330_CR2","first-page":"410","volume":"60","author":"A Pai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pai A, Prasad S, Patil BA, Dyasanoor S, Hedge S: Oral pigmentation: case report and review of malignant melanoma with flow charts for diagnosis and treatment. Gen Dent. 2012, 60: 410-416. quiz 417-418","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"330_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.07.047","volume":"105","author":"M Meleti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meleti M, Vescovi P, Mooi WJ, van der Waal I: Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa and perioral tissues: a flow-chart for the diagnosis and some recommendations for the management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008, 105: 606-616. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.07.047.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"330_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003443","volume":"29","author":"CA Squier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Squier CA, Kremer MJ: Biology of oral mucosa and esophagus. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2001, 29: 7-15.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"330_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(96)00113-6","volume":"42","author":"AW Barrett","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barrett AW, Raja AM: The immunohistochemical identification of human oral mucosal melanocytes. Arch Oral Biol. 1997, 42: 77-81. 10.1016\/S0003-9969(96)00113-6.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"330_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb01095.x","volume":"23","author":"AW Barrett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barrett AW, Scully C: Human oral mucosal melanocytes: a review. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994, 23: 97-103. 10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb01095.x.","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"330_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345460250060201","volume":"25","author":"CO Dummett","year":"1946","unstructured":"Dummett CO: Physiologic pigmentation of the oral and cutaneous tissues in the Negro. J Dent Res. 1946, 25: 421-432. 10.1177\/00220345460250060201.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"330_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.73205","volume":"1","author":"S Chandra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chandra S, Keluskar V, Bagewadi A, Sah K: Extensive physiologic melanin pigmentation on the tongue: an unusual clinical presentation. Contemp Clin Dent. 2010, 1: 204-206. 10.4103\/0976-237X.73205.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"330_CR9","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Diseases of the Oral Mucosa","author":"PL McCarthy","year":"1964","unstructured":"McCarthy PL, Shlkar G: Distrubances in pigmentation. Diseases of the Oral Mucosa. Edited by: McCarthy PL, Shlkar G. 1964, New York: McGraw-Hill, 228-235."},{"key":"330_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90325-7","volume":"71","author":"E Amir","year":"1991","unstructured":"Amir E, Gorsky M, Buchner A, Sarnat H, Gat H: Physiologic pigmentation of the oral mucosa in Israeli children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991, 71: 396-398. 10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90325-7.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"330_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1021\/pr060363j","volume":"5","author":"A Chi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ, Watabe H, Yamaguchi H, Mangini NJ, Huang H, Canfield VA, Cheng KC, Yang F, Abe R, Yamagishi S, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Wu C, Appella E, Hunt DF: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. J Proteome Res. 2006, 5: 3135-3144. 10.1021\/pr060363j.","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"330_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/35096009","volume":"2","author":"MS Marks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marks MS, Seabra MC: The melanosome: membrane dynamics in black and white. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001, 2: 738-748. 10.1038\/35096009.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"330_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00912.x","volume":"18","author":"PM Plonka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plonka PM, Passeron T, Brenner M, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S, Thomas A, Slominski A, Kadekaro AL, Hershkovitz D, Peters E, Nordlund JJ, Abdel-Malek Z, Takeda K, Paus R, Ortonne JP, Hearing VJ, Schallreuter KU: What are melanocytes really doing all day long\u2026?. Exp Dermatol. 2009, 18: 799-819. 10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00912.x.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR14","first-page":"739","volume":"5","author":"M Mihajlovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mihajlovic M, Vlajkovic S, Jovanovic P, Stefanovic V: Primary mucosal melanomas: a comprehensive review. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012, 5: 739-753.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"330_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00148-6","volume":"18","author":"D Eisen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eisen D: Disorders of pigmentation in the oral cavity. Clin Dermatol. 2000, 18: 579-587. 10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00148-6.","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.79973","volume":"22","author":"S Nilima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nilima S, Vandana KL: Melanin: a scavenger in gingival inflammation. Indian J Dent Res. 2011, 22: 38-43. 10.4103\/0970-9290.79973.","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"330_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2008.00506.x","volume":"21","author":"AJ Thomas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas AJ, Erickson CA: The making of a melanocyte: the specification of melanoblasts from the neural crest. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2008, 21: 598-610. 10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2008.00506.x.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"330_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00365.x","volume":"8","author":"JM Wood","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wood JM, Jimbow K, Boissy RE, Slominski A, Plonka PM, Slawinski J, Wortsman J, Tosk J: What\u2019s the use of generating melanin?. Exp Dermatol. 1999, 8: 153-164. 10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00365.x.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/416854a","volume":"416","author":"EK Nishimura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nishimura EK, Jordan SA, Oshima H, Yoshida H, Osawa M, Moriyama M, Jackson IJ, Barrandon Y, Miyachi Y, Nishikawa S: Dominant role of the niche in melanocyte stem-cell fate determination. Nature. 2002, 416: 854-860. 10.1038\/416854a.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"330_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2007.00423.x","volume":"21","author":"K Kumano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumano K, Masuda S, Sata M, Saito T, Lee SY, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T, Natsugari H, Kurokawa M, Ogawa S, Chiba S: Both Notch1 and Notch2 contribute to the regulation of melanocyte homeostasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2008, 21: 70-78.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"330_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31819cd0cb","volume":"31","author":"SF Cramer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cramer SF: Stem cells for epidermal melanocytes\u2013a challenge for students of dermatopathology. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009, 31: 331-341. 10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31819cd0cb.","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"330_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.120","volume":"128","author":"G Aubin-Houzelstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aubin-Houzelstein G, Djian-Zaouche J, Bernex F, Gadin S, Delmas V, Larue L, Panthier JJ: Melanoblasts\u2019 proper location and timed differentiation depend on Notch\/RBP-J signaling in postnatal hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol. 2008, 128: 2686-2695. 10.1038\/jid.2008.120.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.170","volume":"128","author":"KV Shah","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shah KV, Chien AJ, Yee C, Moon RT: CTLA-4 is a direct target of Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling and is expressed in human melanoma tumors. J Invest Dermatol. 2008, 128: 2870-2879. 10.1038\/jid.2008.170.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR24","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Filed Cancerization: Basic Science and Clinical Applications","author":"JA Carlson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carlson JA, Murphy M, Slominski A, Vincent WL: Evidence of skin field cancerization. Filed Cancerization: Basic Science and Clinical Applications. Edited by: Dakubo GD E. 2011, Ontario, Canada: Nova Science Publishers, 317-370."},{"key":"330_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x","volume":"17","author":"KU Schallreuter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schallreuter KU, Kothari S, Chavan B, Spencer JD: Regulation of melanogenesis\u2013controversies and new concepts. Exp Dermatol. 2008, 17: 395-404. 10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR26","first-page":"382","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","author":"BW Neville","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE: Acquired melanocytic nevus. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Edited by: Dolan J. 2009, St Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier, 382-3","edition":"3"},{"key":"330_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700629","volume":"127","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, Passeron T, Watabe H, Yasumoto K, Rouzaud F, Hoashi T, Hearing VJ: The effects of dickkopf 1 on gene expression and Wnt signaling by melanocytes: mechanisms underlying its suppression of melanocyte function and proliferation. J Invest Dermatol. 2007, 127: 1217-1225. 10.1038\/sj.jid.5700629.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200311122","volume":"165","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, Itami S, Watabe H, Yasumoto K, Abdel-Malek ZA, Kubo T, Rouzaud F, Tanemura A, Yoshikawa K, Hearing VJ: Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the skin: increased expression of dickkopf1 by palmoplantar fibroblasts inhibits melanocyte growth and differentiation. J Cell Biol. 2004, 165: 275-285. 10.1083\/jcb.200311122.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"330_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v020a24","volume":"20","author":"F Paino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paino F, Ricci G, De Rosa A, D\u2019Aquino R, Laino L, Pirozzi G, Tirino V, Papaccio G: Ecto-mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp are committed to differentiate into active melanocytes. Eur Cell Mater. 2010, 20: 295-305.","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"330_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27557","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700026200","volume":"282","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, Brenner M, Hearing VJ: The regulation of skin pigmentation. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282: 27557-27561. 10.1074\/jbc.R700026200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"330_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00538.x","volume":"16","author":"T Passeron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Passeron T, Coelho SG, Miyamura Y, Takahashi K, Hearing VJ: Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the study of human skin melanocytes. Exp Dermatol. 2007, 16: 162-170. 10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00538.x.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500500234970","volume":"23","author":"WH Tolleson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tolleson WH: Human melanocyte biology, toxicology, and pathology. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2005, 23: 105-161. 10.1080\/10590500500234970.","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev"},{"key":"330_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.04.001","volume":"25","author":"JJ Nordlund","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nordlund JJ: The melanocyte and the epidermal melanin unit: an expanded concept. Dermatol Clin. 2007, 25: 271-281. 10.1016\/j.det.2007.04.001. vii","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"330_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddmec.2008.04.004","volume":"5","author":"A Slominski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slominski A, Wortsman J, Paus R, Elias PM, Tobin DJ, Feingold KR: Skin as an endocrine organ: implications for its function. Drug Discov Today Dis Mech. 2008, 5: 137-144. 10.1016\/j.ddmec.2008.04.004.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today Dis Mech"},{"key":"330_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00198.x","volume":"18","author":"T Hirobe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hirobe T: Role of keratinocyte-derived factors involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mammalian epidermal melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res. 2005, 18: 2-12. 10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00198.x.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"330_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2003","volume":"84","author":"A Slominski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S, Wortsman J: Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. Physiol Rev. 2004, 84: 1155-1228. 10.1152\/physrev.00044.2003.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"330_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp003","volume":"18","author":"RA Sturm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sturm RA: Molecular genetics of human pigmentation diversity. Hum Mol Genet. 2009, 18: R9-R17. 10.1093\/hmg\/ddp003.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"330_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2006_3314","volume":"53","author":"PM Plonka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Plonka PM, Grabacka M: Melanin synthesis in microorganisms\u2013biotechnological and medical aspects. Acta Biochim Pol. 2006, 53: 429-443.","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"330_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00242.x","volume":"84","author":"NP Smit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smit NP, van Nieuwpoort FA, Marrot L, Out C, Poorthuis B, van Pelt H, Meunier JR, Pavel S: Increased melanogenesis is a risk factor for oxidative DNA damage\u2013study on cultured melanocytes and atypical nevus cells. Photochem Photobiol. 2008, 84: 550-555. 10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00242.x.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"330_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24005","volume":"124","author":"A Slominski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Slominski A, Zbytek B, Slominski R: Inhibitors of melanogenesis increase toxicity of cyclophosphamide and lymphocytes against melanoma cells. Int J Canc Suppl J Int Canc Suppl. 2009, 124: 1470-1477. 10.1002\/ijc.24005.","journal-title":"Int J Canc Suppl J Int Canc Suppl"},{"key":"330_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2331","volume":"211","author":"JA Mackintosh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mackintosh JA: The antimicrobial properties of melanocytes, melanosomes and melanin and the evolution of black skin. J Theor Biol. 2001, 211: 101-113. 10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2331.","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"330_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1475","volume":"146","author":"A Peters","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peters A: The self-similarity of the melanocortin system. Endocrinology. 2005, 146: 529-531. 10.1210\/en.2004-1475.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"330_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02128.x","volume":"31","author":"GW Millington","year":"2006","unstructured":"Millington GW: Proopiomelanocortin (POMC): the cutaneous roles of its melanocortin products and receptors. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006, 31: 407-412. 10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02128.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700151","volume":"123","author":"SA Grando","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grando SA, Pittelkow MR, Schallreuter KU: Adrenergic and cholinergic control in the biology of epidermis: physiological and clinical significance. J Invest Dermatol. 2006, 123: 1948-1965.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12242.x","volume":"120","author":"S Kauser","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kauser S, Schallreuter KU, Thody AJ, Gummer C, Tobin DJ: Regulation of human epidermal melanocyte biology by beta-endorphin. J Invest Dermatol. 2003, 120: 1073-1080. 10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12242.x.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00587.x","volume":"36","author":"K Satomura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Satomura K, Tokuyama R, Yamasaki Y, Yuasa T, Tatehara S, Ishimaru N, Hayashi Y, Nagayama M: Possible involvement of stem cell factor and endothelin-1 in the emergence of pigmented squamous cell carcinoma in oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007, 36: 621-624. 10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00587.x.","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"330_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1986.57.1.48","volume":"57","author":"S Perlmutter","year":"1986","unstructured":"Perlmutter S, Tal H: Repigmentation of the gingiva following surgical injury. J Periodontol. 1986, 57: 48-50. 10.1902\/jop.1986.57.1.48.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"330_CR48","first-page":"682","volume":"70","author":"A Kauzman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kauzman A, Pavone M, Blanas N, Bradley G: Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: review, differential diagnosis, and case presentations. J Can Dent Assoc. 2004, 70: 682-683.","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"330_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.06.005","volume":"110","author":"PC Caldeira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caldeira PC, de Sousa SF, Gomez RS, Silva TA: Diffuse pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010, 110: 550-553. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.06.005.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"330_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.07.022","volume":"107","author":"MA Lerman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lerman MA, Karimbux N, Guze KA, Woo SB: Pigmentation of the hard palate. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009, 107: 8-12. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.07.022.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"330_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00225-0","volume":"20","author":"GM Gaeta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaeta GM, Satriano RA, Baroni A: Oral pigmented lesions. Clin Dermatol. 2002, 20: 286-288. 10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00225-0.","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"330_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(64)90019-6","volume":"9","author":"T Brown","year":"1964","unstructured":"Brown T: Oral pigmentation in the Aborigines of Kalumburu, North-West Australia. Arch Oral Biol. 1964, 9: 555-564. 10.1016\/0003-9969(64)90019-6.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"330_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1971.42.11.726","volume":"42","author":"CO Dummett","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dummett CO, Barens G: Oromucosal pigmentation: an updated literary review. J Periodontol. 1971, 42: 726-736. 10.1902\/jop.1971.42.11.726.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"330_CR54","first-page":"177","volume":"44","author":"CW van Wyk","year":"1970","unstructured":"van Wyk CW: Mouth pigmentation patterns in a group of healthy South African Bantu. S Afr Med J. 1970, 44: 177-180.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"330_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11966.x","volume":"80","author":"L Fry","year":"1968","unstructured":"Fry L, Almeyda JR: The incidence of buccal pigmentation in caucasoids and negroids in Britain. Br J Dermatol. 1968, 80: 244-247. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11966.x.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Face Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T15:18:00Z","timestamp":1597591080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/head-face-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-160x-10-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"article-number":"8"}}