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Medicinal plants are used to treat a range of conditions. A draft manual prepared from the data was then evaluated by participants at a participatory workshop.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are 128 plants used for ruminant health and diets, representing several plant families. The following plants are used for abscesses:<jats:italic>Berberis aquifolium<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Mahonia aquifolium Echinacea purpurea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Symphytum officinale<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Bovista pila<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Bovista plumbea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Achillea millefolium<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Usnea longissima<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>L.,<jats:italic>Salix scouleriana<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Salix lucida<\/jats:italic>are used for caprine arthritis and caprine arthritis encephalitis.<jats:italic>Euphrasia officinalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Matricaria chamomilla<\/jats:italic>are used for eye problems.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Wounds and injuries are treated with<jats:italic>Bovista<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Usnea longissima<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Calendula officinalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Arnica<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Malva<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>purpurea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Berberis aquifolium<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Mahonia aquifolium<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Achillea millefolium<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Capsella bursa<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>pastoris<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Hypericum perforatum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Lavandula officinalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Symphytum officinale<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Syzygium aromaticum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Pseudotsuga menziesii<\/jats:italic>are used for coccidiosis. The following plants are used for diarrhea and scours:<jats:italic>Plantago major<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Calendula officinalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Urtica dioica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Symphytum officinale<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Pinus ponderosa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Potentilla pacifica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Althaea officinalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Anethum graveolens<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Salix alba<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Ulmus fulva<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Mastitis is treated with<jats:italic>Achillea millefolium<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Arctium<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lappa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Salix alba<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Teucrium scorodonia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Galium aparine<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Anethum graveolens<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Rubus<\/jats:italic>sp., are given for increased milk production.<jats:italic>Taraxacum officinale<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Symphytum officinale<\/jats:italic>are used for udder edema. Ketosis is treated with<jats:italic>Gaultheria shallon<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Vaccinium<\/jats:italic>sp., and<jats:italic>Symphytum officinale<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Hedera helix<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Alchemilla vulgaris<\/jats:italic>are fed for retained placenta.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some of the plants showing high levels of validity were<jats:italic>Hedera helix<\/jats:italic>for retained placenta and<jats:italic>Euphrasia officinalis<\/jats:italic>for eye problems. Plants with high validity for wounds and injuries included<jats:italic>Hypericum perforatum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Malva parviflora<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>. Treatments with high validity against endoparasites included those with<jats:italic>Juniperus communis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Pinus ponderosa<\/jats:italic>. Anxiety and pain are well treated with<jats:italic>Melissa officinalis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Nepeta caesarea<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-3-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]],"date-time":"2007-02-27T13:11:43Z","timestamp":1172581903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Lans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"Boepple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"77_CR1","volume-title":"Organic statistics 2003. 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