{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:28:31Z","timestamp":1773008911136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosis of extracardiac intrathoracic vascular anomalies is of clinical importance, but remains challenging. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiography, echocardiography, and angiography, are inherently limited by the difficulties of a 2-dimensional approach to a 3-dimensional object. We postulated that accurate characterization of malformations of the aorta would benefit from 3-dimensional assessment. Therefore, multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) was chosen as a 3-dimensional, new, and noninvasive imaging technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with 2 common diseases of the intrathoracic aorta, either patent ductus arteriosus or vascular ring anomaly, by contrast-enhanced 64-row computed tomography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrocardiography (ECG)-gated and thoracic nongated MDCT images were reviewed in identified cases of either a patent ductus arteriosus or vascular ring anomaly. Ductal size and morphology were determined in 6 dogs that underwent ECG-gated MDCT. Vascular ring anomalies were characterized in 7 dogs and 3 cats by ECG-gated MDCT or by a nongated thoracic standard protocol.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Cardiac ECG-gated MDCT clearly displayed the morphology, length, and caliber of the patent ductus arteriosus in 6 affected dogs. Persistent right aortic arch was identified in 10 animals, 8 of which showed a coexisting aberrant left subclavian artery. A mild dilation of the proximal portion of the aberrant subclavian artery near its origin of the aorta was present in 4 dogs, and a diverticulum analogous to the human Kommerell's diverticulum was present in 2 cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrast-enhanced MDCT imaging of thoracic anomalies gives valuable information about the exact aortic arch configuration. Furthermore, MDCT was able to characterize the vascular branching patterns in dogs and cats with a persistent right aortic arch and the morphology and size of the patent ductus arteriosus in affected dogs. This additional information can be of help with regard to improved diagnoses of thoracic anomalies and the planning of surgical interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-57","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T18:47:53Z","timestamp":1316803673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Multidetector-row computed tomography of thoracic aortic anomalies in dogs and cats: Patent ductus arteriosus and vascular rings"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Christiane R","family":"Henjes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Wefstaedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"294_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.23.2.171","volume":"23","author":"DF Patterson","year":"1968","unstructured":"Patterson DF: Epidemiologic and Genetic Studies of Congenital Heart Disease in the Dog. Circ Res. 1968, 23: 171-202.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"294_CR2","first-page":"693","volume":"II","author":"GW Ellison","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ellison GW: Vascular Ring Anomalies in the Dog and Cat. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 1980, II: 693-705.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"294_CR3","first-page":"36","volume":"11","author":"T VanGundy","year":"1989","unstructured":"VanGundy T: Vascular Ring Anomalies. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 1989, 11: 36-48.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"294_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2008.09.003","volume":"10","author":"S Pownder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pownder S, Scrivani PV: Non-selective computed tomography angiography of a vascular ring anomaly in a dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2008, 10: 125-128. 10.1016\/j.jvc.2008.09.003.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"294_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00315.x","volume":"49","author":"H Joly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joly H, D'Anjou M-A, Huneault L: Imaging diagnosis - CT angiography of a rare vascular ring anomaly in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2007, 49: 42-46.","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"294_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2009.10.2.176","volume":"10","author":"A T\u00fcrkvatan","year":"2009","unstructured":"T\u00fcrkvatan A, B\u00fcy\u00fckbayraktar FG, \u00d6lcer T, Cumhur T: Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Arch: Evaluation with the Use of Multidetector Computed Tomography. Korean J Radiol. 2009, 10: 176-184. 10.3348\/kjr.2009.10.2.176.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"294_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.3.1810749","volume":"181","author":"GJ Morgan-Hughes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morgan-Hughes GJ, Marshall AJ, Roobottom C: Morphologic assessment of Patent Ductus arteriosus in Adults Using Retrospectively ECG-Gated Multidetector CT. AJR. 2003, 181: 749-754.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"294_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050430","volume":"8","author":"R Soler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Soler R, Rodr\u00edguez E, Requejo I, Fern\u00e1ndez R, Raposo I: Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital abnormalities of the thoracic aorta, Pictorial review. Eur Radiol. 1998, 8: 540-546. 10.1007\/s003300050430.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"294_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(98)00373-8","volume":"68","author":"M Schmidt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Theissen P, Deutsch HJ, Erdmann E, Schicha H: Magnetic resonance imaging of ductus arteriosus Botalli apertus in adulthood. Int J Cardiol. 1999, 68: 225-229. 10.1016\/S0167-5273(98)00373-8.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"294_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00970.x","volume":"51","author":"A Louvet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Louvet A, Duconseille AC, Lazard P: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of patent ductus arteriosus in a dog. J Small Anim Pract. 2010, 51: 451-453. 10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00970.x.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"294_CR11","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"MD Kittleson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kittleson MD, Kienle RD: Patent ductus arteriosus. Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine. Edited by: Kittleson MD, Kienle RD. 1998, Mosby, St Louis, 218-230."},{"key":"294_CR12","first-page":"40","volume":"14","author":"WE Weirich","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weirich WE, Blevins WE, Rebar AH: Late Consequences of Patent Ductus arteriosus in the Dog: a Report of Six Cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1978, 14: 40-51.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"294_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.12.2011","volume":"196","author":"SJ Birchard","year":"1990","unstructured":"Birchard SJ, Bonagura JD, Fingland RB: Results of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 201 cases (1969-1988). JAVMA. 1990, 196: 2011-2013.","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"294_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02116.x","volume":"12","author":"PR Fox","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fox PR, Bond BR, Sommer RJ: Nonsurgical Transcatheter Coil Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Two Dogs Using a Preformed Nitinol Snare Delivery Technique. J Vet Intern Med. 1998, 12: 182-185. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02116.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0185.x","volume":"22","author":"SE Achen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Achen SE, Miller MW, Gordon SG, Saunders AB, Roland RM, Drourr LT: Transarterial Ductal Occlusion with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug in 31 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008, 22: 1348-1352. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0185.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02255.x","volume":"14","author":"AA Stokhof","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stokhof AA, Sreeram N, Wolvkamp WThC: Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using Occluding Spring Coils. J Vet Intern Med. 2000, 14: 452-455. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02255.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02315.x","volume":"15","author":"M Schneider","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schneider M, Hildebrandt N, Schweigl T, Schneider I, Hagel K-H, Neu H: Transvenous Embolization of Small Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Single Detachable Coils in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2001, 15: 222-228. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02315.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70039-X","volume":"5","author":"TM Glaus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glaus TM, Martin M, Boller M, Johnson MS, Kutter A, Fl\u00fcckiger M, Tofeig M: Catheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: variation in ductal size requires different techniques. J Vet Cardiol. 2003, 5: 7-12.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"294_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2006.07.001","volume":"8","author":"MW Miller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller MW, Gordon SG, Saunders AB, Arsenault WG, Meurs KM, Lehmkuhl LB, Bonagura JD, Fox PR: Angiographic classification of patent ductus arteriosus morphology in the dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2006, 8: 109-114. 10.1016\/j.jvc.2006.07.001.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"294_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02957.x","volume":"21","author":"M Schneider","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schneider M, Hildebrandt N, Schweigl T, Wehner M: Transthoracic Echocardiographic Measurement of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2007, 21: 251-257. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02957.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02930.x","volume":"21","author":"AB Saunders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saunders AB, Miller MW, Gordon SG, Bahr A: Echocardiographic and Angiographic Comparison of Ductal Dimensions in Dogs with Patent Ductus Arteriosus. J Vet Intern Med. 2007, 21: 68-75. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02930.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70048-0","volume":"5","author":"M Schneider","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schneider M, Schneider I, Hildebrandt N, Wehner M: Percutaneous angiography of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in dogs: techniques, results and implications for intravascular occlusion. J Vet Cardiol. 2003, 5: 21-27. 10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70048-0.","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"294_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02576.x","volume":"18","author":"JW Buchanan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buchanan JW: Tracheal Signs and Associated Vascular Anomalies in Dogs with Persistent Right Aortic Arch. J Vet Intern Med. 2004, 18: 510-514. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02576.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00009.x","volume":"47","author":"CJ Du Plessis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Du Plessis CJ, Keller N, Joubert KE: Symmetrical double aortic arch in a beagle puppy. J Small Anim Pract. 2006, 47: 31-10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00009.x.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"294_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00291.x","volume":"46","author":"AK House","year":"2005","unstructured":"House AK, Summerfield NJ, German AJ, Noble PJM, IBarrola P, Brockman DJ: Unusual vascular ring anomaly associated with a persistent right aortic arch in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2005, 46: 585-590. 10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00291.x.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"294_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00086.x","volume":"46","author":"AL Zwingenberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zwingenberger AL, McLear RC, Weisse C: Diagnosis of arterioportal fistulae in four dogs using computed tomographic angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2005, 46: 472-477. 10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00086.x.","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"294_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00173.x","volume":"47","author":"G Bertolini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bertolini G, Rolla EC, Zotti A, Caldin M: Three-dimensional multislice helical computed tomography techniques for canine extra-hepatic portosystemic shunt assessment. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006, 47: 439-443. 10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00173.x.","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"294_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01659.x","volume":"51","author":"J Jung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jung J, Chang J, Oh S, Yoon J, Choi M: Computed tomography angiography for evaluation of pulmonary embolism in an experimental model and heartworm infested dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2010, 51: 288-293. 10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01659.x.","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"294_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2221010481","volume":"222","author":"JE Roos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roos JE, Willmann JK, Weishaupt D, Lachat M, Marincek B, Hilfiker PR: Thoracic Aorta: Motion Artifact Reduction with Retrospective and Prospective Electrocardiography-assisted Multi-Detector Row CT. Radiology. 2002, 222: 271-277.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"294_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.5.1781269","volume":"178","author":"LF Donnelly","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donnelly LF, Fleck RJ, Pacharn P, Ziegler MA, Fricke BL, Cotton RT: Aberrant Subclavian Arteries: Cross-Sectional Imaging Findings in Infants and Children Referred for Evaluation of Extrinsic Airway Compression. AJR. 2002, 178: 1269-1274.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"294_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0587.x","volume":"24","author":"AB Saunders","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saunders AB, Achen SE, Gordon SG, Miller MW: Utility of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Transcatheter Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs: Influence on the Decision-Making Process. J Vet Intern Med. 2010, 24: 1407-1413. 10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0587.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"294_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00213-0","volume":"22","author":"CL Backer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Backer CL, Hillman N, Mavroudis C, Holinger LD: Resection of Kommerell's diverticulum and left subclavian artery transfer for recurrent symptoms after vascular ring division. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002, 22: 64-69. 10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00213-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"294_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1222","volume":"225","author":"ML Vianna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vianna ML, Krahwinkel DJ: Double aortic arch in a dog. JAVMA. 2004, 225: 1222-1224. 10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1222.","journal-title":"JAVMA"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1746-6148-7-57.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T15:29:09Z","timestamp":1712935749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1746-6148-7-57"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-6148-7-57","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"57"}}