{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:38:46Z","timestamp":1793313526072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a clinical condition affecting eyes of domestic and wild <jats:italic>Caprinae<\/jats:italic> worldwide, and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> is considered the primary causative agent of IKC in sheep, goats and wild <jats:italic>Caprinae<\/jats:italic>. Domestic ruminants from high mountain habitats share grazing areas with wild mountain ungulates, such as chamois (<jats:italic>Rupicapra<\/jats:italic> spp.), Alpine ibex (<jats:italic>Capra ibex<\/jats:italic>) and European mouflon (<jats:italic>Ovis aries musimon<\/jats:italic>), and domestic sheep seem to act as <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> reservoir. In this study, the presence of <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> in domestic sheep and goats from the two main mountain ranges of Northern Spain, the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains, has been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Eye swabs were obtained from 439 domestic small ruminants selected from flocks that seasonally graze in alpine meadows during three consecutive years (2011-2012-2013). Seventy-nine out of the 378 domestic sheep (20.9%) tested positive to a <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> specific real time-PCR (rt-PCR) in at least one eye, whereas all the 61 sampled domestic goats were negative. Statistically significant higher prevalence and higher proportion of infected flocks (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was observed in the Pyrenees (25.7%; 12 flocks out of 13), where <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> is widespread and probably endemic in domestic sheep, than in the Cantabrian Mountains (7.8%; one flock out of six). Twenty-five sheep (three from the Pyrenees and 22 from the Cantabrian Mountains) which showed clinical signs consistent with infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) were negative by rt-PCR. In contrast, 62 out of the 71 (87.3%) <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic>-positive sheep from the Pyrenees and the eight positive sheep from the Cantabrian Mountains were asymptomatic.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study provides rt-PCR-based evidences of <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> maintenance in domestic sheep, as well as a relationship between prevalence in domestic sheep and previously reported <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> and IKC in wild ruminants. Domestic goats do not seem to play an important role in the epidemiology of <jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic> in alpine habitats from Northern Spain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T08:01:29Z","timestamp":1386921689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Mycoplasma conjunctivae in domestic small ruminants from high mountain habitats in Northern Spain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Cabez\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignasi","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Mentaberre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Lav\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge R","family":"L\u00f3pez-Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.2.1338","volume":"21","author":"M Giacometti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Giacometti M, Janovsky M, Belloy L, Frey J: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis of ibex, chamois and other Caprinae. 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