{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T19:59:44Z","timestamp":1792958384138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In many pre-clinical studies of cartilage tissue, it has been generally assumed that the major difference of the tissue between the species is the tissue thickness, which is related to the size of the animal itself. At present, there appear to be lack of studies demonstrating the relationship between chondrocyte densities, protein content, gene expressions and cartilage thickness in the various animal models that are commonly used. The present study was conducted to determine whether or not chondrocyte density, proteoglycan\/protein content and selective chondrocyte gene expression are merely related to the cartilage thickness (thus animal size), and not the intrinsic nature of the species being investigated. Mature animals (rabbit, rats and goats) were sacrificed for their hind knee cartilages. Image analyses were performed on five consecutive histological sections, sampled from three pre-defined locations at the lateral and medial femoral condyles. Cartilage thickness, chondrocyte density, Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs)\/protein content and gene expression levels for collagen II and SOX-9 were compared across the groups. Correlation analysis was done between cartilage thickness and the other variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean cartilage thickness of rats, rabbits and goats were 166.5\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9, 356.2\u2009\u00b1\u200925.0 907.5\u2009\u00b1\u2009114.6\u00a0\u03bcm, respectively. The mean cartilage cell densities were 3.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00d710<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup> for rats, 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00d710<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup> for rabbits and 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00d710<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup> cells\/\u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for goats. The mean \u03bcg GAG\/mg protein content were 23.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6 in rats, 20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3 in rabbits and 328.7\u2009\u00b1\u200964.5 in goats; collagen II gene expressions were increased by 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 folds in rats; 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 folds in rabbits, and 0.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 folds in goats, whilst the fold increase of SOX-9 gene expression was 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 in rats, 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 in rabbits and 0.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0 in goats. Cartilage thickness correlated positively with animals\u2019 weight (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =0.9856, p\u2009=\u20090.001) and GAG\/protein content (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =0.6163, p\u2009=\u2009&lt;0.001). Whereas, it correlates negatively with cell density (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.7981, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cartilage gene expression levels (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.6395, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There are differences in the composition of the articular cartilage in diverse species, which are not directly dependent on the cartilage thickness of these animals but rather the unique characteristics of that species. Therefore, the species-specific nature of the cartilage tissue should be considered during any data interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T14:14:06Z","timestamp":1364825646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Chondrocyte density, proteoglycan content and gene expressions from native cartilage are species specific and not dependent on cartilage thickness: a comparative analysis between rat, rabbit and goat"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Norazian","family":"Kamisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeetha Vasudevaraj","family":"Naveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja Elina","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamarul","family":"Tunku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"650_CR1","first-page":"411","volume":"3","author":"RA Stockwell","year":"1971","unstructured":"Stockwell RA: The inter-relationship of cell density and cartilage thickness in mammalian articular cartilage. J Anat. 1971, 3: 411-421.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668070-00008","volume":"68-A","author":"SW O\u2019Driscoll","year":"1986","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SW, Keeley FW, Salter RB: The chondrogenic potential of free autogenous periosteal grafts for biological resurfacing of major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces under the influence of continuous passive motion- An experimental investigation in the rabbit. J Bone Joint Surg. 1986, 68-A: 1017-1035.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"650_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.05.006","volume":"12","author":"SP Oakley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oakley SP, Lassere MN, Portek I, Szomor Z, Ghosh P, Kirkham BW, Murrell GAC, Wulf S, Appleyard RC: Biomechanical, histologic and macroscopic assessment of articular cartilage in a sheep model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2004, 12: 667-679. 10.1016\/j.joca.2004.05.006.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"650_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00011","volume":"85-A","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hunziker EB, Quinn TM: Surgical removal of articular cartilage leads to loss of chondrocytes from cartilage bordering the wound edge. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003, 85-A (Suppl 2): 85-92.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"650_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200101000-00008","volume":"83-A","author":"DW Jackson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jackson DW, Lalor PA, Aberman HM, Simon TM: Spontaneous repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in a goat model: a preliminary study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001, 83-A: 53-64.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"650_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900801600220","volume":"16","author":"T Kamarul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamarul T, Selvaratnam L, Masjuddin T, Ab-Rahim S, Ng C, Chan KY, Ahmad TS: Autologous chondrocyte transplantation in the repair of full-thickness focal cartilage damage in rabbits. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008, 16 (2): 230-236.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"650_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00119-5","volume":"11","author":"D Amiel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amiel D, Toyoguchi T, Kobayashi K, Bowden K, Amiel ME, Healey RM: Long-term effect of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) on osteoarthritis progression in a rabbit model. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2003, 11 (9): 636-643. 10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00119-5.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"650_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80318-8","volume":"4","author":"M Yoshioka","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yoshioka M, Coutts RD, Amiel D, Hacker SA: Characterization of a model of osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 1996, 4 (2): 87-98. 10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80318-8.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1997.0086","volume":"6","author":"C Shimizu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shimizu C, Yoshioka M, Coutts RD, Harwood FL, Kubo T, Hirasawa Y, Amiel D: Long-term effects of hyaluronan on experimental osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 1998, 6 (1): 1-9. 10.1053\/joca.1997.0086.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"key":"650_CR10","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical\/Surgical Management","author":"RW Moskowitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moskowitz RW: Experimental model of osteoarthritis. In Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical\/Surgical Management. 2nd edition. Edited byMoskowitz RW, Howell DS, Goldberg VM, Mankin HJ. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1992:213\u2013232.","edition":"2"},{"key":"650_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80035-4","volume":"5","author":"SJ Armstrong","year":"1995","unstructured":"Armstrong SJ, Read RA, Price R: Topographical variation within the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the normal ovine knee joint: a histological approach. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 1995, 5: 25-33.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"key":"650_CR12","first-page":"753","volume":"101","author":"RA Stockwell","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stockwell RA: The cell density of human articular and costal cartilage. J Anat. 1967, 101: 753-763.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"650_CR13","first-page":"303","volume":"121","author":"E Vignon","year":"1976","unstructured":"Vignon E, Arlot M, Patricot LM, Vignon G: The cell density of human femoral head cartilage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976, 121: 303-308.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"650_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.013","volume":"18","author":"T Aigner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aigner T, Cook JL, Gerwin N, Glasson SS, Laverty S, Little CB, McIlwraith W, Kraus VB: Histopathology atlas of animal model systems - overview of guiding principles. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2010, 18 (Suppl 3): S2-S6.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"5","key":"650_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.15542","volume":"87-B","author":"T Yanai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yanai T, Ishii T, Chang F, Ochiai N: Repair of large full-thickness articular cartilage defects in the rabbit the effects of joint distraction and autologous bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cell transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005, 87-B (5): 721-729. 10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.15542.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"23","key":"650_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8932","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3873","volume":"69","author":"LY Raymund","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raymund LY, Naoki S, Juan F, Joy G, Giacomo GV, Frank CM, Oliver B, Michael A, Frederick FL: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for intravascular delivery of oncolytic adenovirus delta-24-RGD to human gliomas. Cancer Res. 2009, 69 (23): 8932-8940. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3873.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"650_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-9-40","volume":"9","author":"CWT Samuel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samuel CWT, Wen XP, Gang M, Ning C, Kam WL, Kin L: Viscoelastic behaviour of human mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Cell Biol. 2008, 9: 40-10.1186\/1471-2121-9-40.","journal-title":"BMC Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2009.0452","volume":"16","author":"CR Chu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chu CR, Szczodry M, Bruno S: Animal models for cartilage regeneration and repair. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2010, 16 (1): 105-115. 10.1089\/ten.teb.2009.0452.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"key":"650_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500103","volume":"5","author":"WD McLeod","year":"1977","unstructured":"McLeod WD, Moschi A, Andrews JR, Hughston JC: Tibial plateau topography. Am J Sports Med. 1977, 5: 13-18. 10.1177\/036354657700500103.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"650_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780130305","volume":"13","author":"WH Simon","year":"1970","unstructured":"Simon WH: Scale effects in animal joints: articular cartilage thickness and compressive stress. Arthritis Rheum. 1970, 13: 244-255. 10.1002\/art.1780130305.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"650_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062030-00010","volume":"62-A","author":"FM Hall","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hall FM, Wyshak G: Thickness of articular cartilage in the normal knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980, 62-A: 408-413.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"650_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-006-9076-0","volume":"8","author":"JY Oda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oda JY, Liberti EA, Maifrino LB, de Souza RR: Variation in articular cartilage in rats between 3 and 32\u00a0months old: a histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopy study. Biogerontology. 2007, 8 (3): 345-352. 10.1007\/s10522-006-9076-0.","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"650_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199804)250:4<418::AID-AR4>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"250","author":"CS Adams","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adams CS, Horton WE J: Chondrocyte apoptosis increases with age in the articular cartilage of adult animals. Anat Rec. 1998, 250: 418-425. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199804)250:4<418::AID-AR4>3.0.CO;2-T.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"11","key":"650_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2556::AID-ART436>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"44","author":"M Huldelmayer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huldelmayer M, Glaser C, Englmeier K-H, Reiser M, Putz R, Eckstein F: Age-related changes in the morphology on deformational behaviour of knee joint cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 2001, 44 (11): 2556-2561. 10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2556::AID-ART436>3.0.CO;2-U.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"650_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.07.002","volume":"17","author":"P Julkunen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Julkunen P, Harjula T, Livarinen J, Marjanen J, Seppanen K, Narhi T, Arokoski J, Lammi MJ, Brama PA, Jurvelin JS, Helminen HJ: Biomechanical, biochemical and structural correlations in immature and mature rabbit articular cartilage. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2009, 17: 1628-1638. 10.1016\/j.joca.2009.07.002.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"key":"650_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80042-1","volume":"3","author":"JD Gaffen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gaffen JD, Gleave SJ, Crossman MV, Bayliss MT, Mason RM: Articular cartilage proteoglycans in osteoarthritic STR\/Ort mice. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 1995, 3: 95-104. 10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80042-1.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777612062","volume":"32","author":"PAJ Brama","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brama PAJ, Tekoppele JM, Bank RA, Karssenberg D, Barneveld A, Vanweeren PR: Topographical mapping of biochemical properties of articular cartilage in the equine fetlock joint. Equine Vet J. 2000, 32 (1): 19-26.","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"650_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060205","volume":"6","author":"I Kiviranta","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kiviranta I, Tammi M, Jurvelin J, S\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4nen AM, Helminen HJ: Moderate running exercise augments glycosaminoglycans and thickness of articular cartilage in the knee joint of young Beagle dogs. J Orthop Res. 1988, 6: 188-195. 10.1002\/jor.1100060205.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"650_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100100503","volume":"10","author":"JJ Parkkinen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parkkinen JJ, Lammi MJ, Helminen HJ, Tammi M: Local stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage explants by dynamic compression in vitro. J Orthop Res. 1992, 10: 610-620. 10.1002\/jor.1100100503.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"650_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780321014","volume":"32","author":"AM S\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4nen","year":"1989","unstructured":"S\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4nen AM, Tammi M, Kiviranta I, Jurvelin J, Helminen HJ: Levels of chondroitin-6-sulfate and nonaggregating proteoglycans at articular cartilage contact site in the knees of young dogs subjected to moderate running exercise. Arthritis Rheum. 1989, 32: 1282-1292. 10.1002\/anr.1780321014.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"650_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.54.030192.001031","volume":"54","author":"AS French","year":"1992","unstructured":"French AS: Mechanotransduction. Annu Rev Physiol. 1992, 54: 135-152. 10.1146\/annurev.ph.54.030192.001031.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"650_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300516","volume":"83","author":"GH Tang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tang GH, Rabie ABM, Hagg U: Indian hedgehog: a mechanotransduction mediator in condylar cartilage. J Dent Res. 2004, 83 (5): 434-438. 10.1177\/154405910408300516.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"650_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2594","volume":"10","author":"N Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang N, Tytell JD, Ingber DE: Mechanotransduction at a distance: mechanically coupling the extracellular matrix with the nucleus. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio. 2009, 10: 75-82.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio"},{"issue":"5","key":"650_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(00)80060-0","volume":"29","author":"RJ Gassner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gassner RJ, Buckley MJ, Studer RK, Evans CH, Agarwa S: Interaction of strain and interleukin-1 in articular cartilage: effects on proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes. Int J Oral Max Surg. 2000, 29 (5): 389-394. 10.1016\/S0901-5027(00)80060-0.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Max Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"650_CR35","first-page":"683","volume":"23","author":"FY Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu FY, Lu SB, Huang LH, Xu WJ, Peng J, Zhao B, Yuan M, Huang JX: Mechanisms of autologous chondrocytes mass transplantation in the repair of cartilage defects of rabbits\u2019 knee. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2010, 23 (9): 683-687.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"issue":"1","key":"650_CR36","first-page":"121","volume":"27","author":"K Nazem","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nazem K, Jabalameli K, Iranpour F: Diagnostic value of MR imaging in meniscal tears of the knee. Saudi Med J. 2006, 27 (1): 121-122.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"650_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509333476","volume":"37","author":"LV Gulotta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gulotta LV, Rudzki JR, Kovacevic D, Chen CC, Milentijevic D, Williams RJ: Chondrocyte death and cartilage degradation after autologous osteochondral transplantation surgery in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med. 2009, 37 (7): 1324-1333. 10.1177\/0363546509333476.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-136","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373414400000}}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1746-6148-9-62.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T19:53:35Z","timestamp":1630526015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1746-6148-9-62"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-6148-9-62","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-136","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"62"}}