{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T05:09:15Z","timestamp":1755925755425,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have shown that<jats:italic>Blastomyces dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, is a genetically diverse pathogen. Blastomycosis is a significant health issue in humans and other mammals. Veterinary and human isolates matched with epidemiological case data from the same geographic area and time period were used to determine: (i) if differences in genetic diversity and structure exist between clinical veterinary and human isolates of<jats:italic>B. dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>and (ii) if comparable epidemiologic features differ among veterinary and human blastomycosis cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic typing of 301 clinical<jats:italic>B. dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>isolates produced 196 haplotypes (59 unique to veterinary isolates, 134 unique to human isolates, and 3 shared between canine and human isolates). Private allelic richness was higher in veterinary (median 2.27) compared to human isolates (median 1.14) (p = 0.005).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Concordant with previous studies, two distinct genetic groups were identified among all isolates. Genetic group assignment was different between human and veterinary isolates (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001), with more veterinary isolates assigned to Group 2.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The mean age of dogs diagnosed with blastomycosis was 6 years. Thirty cases were in male dogs (52%) and 24 were females (41%). The breed of dog was able to be retrieved in 38 of 58 cases with 19 (50%) being sporting breeds. Three of four felines infected with blastomycosis were domestic shorthair males between ages 6\u201312, and presented with disseminated disease. The other was a lynx with pulmonary disease. The equine isolate was from an 11-year-old male Halflinger with disseminated disease. Disseminated disease was reported more often in veterinary (62%) than human cases (19%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolates from all hosts clustered largely into previously identified genetic groups, with 3 haplotypes being shared between human and canine isolates confirming that<jats:italic>B. dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>isolates capable of infecting both species occur in nature. Allelic diversity measures trended higher in veterinary samples, with a higher number of total alleles and private alleles. Veterinary isolates of<jats:italic>B. dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>contributed a substantial amount of diversity to the overall population genetic structure demonstrating the importance of including veterinary isolates in genetic studies of evolution and virulence in this organism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T16:37:43Z","timestamp":1366648663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical and molecular epidemiology of veterinary blastomycosis in Wisconsin"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian L","family":"Sloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K","family":"Meece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"632_CR1","first-page":"60","volume":"102","author":"ML Furcolow","year":"1970","unstructured":"Furcolow ML, Chick EW, Busey JF, Menges RW: Prevalence and incidence studies of human and canine blastomycosis. 1. 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