{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:42:01Z","timestamp":1781019721567,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is little data on the impact of office-based buprenorphine therapy on criminal activity. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of primary care clinic-based buprenorphine maintenance therapy on rates of criminal charges and the factors associated with criminal charges in the 2 years after initiation of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We collected demographic and outcome data on 252 patients who were given at least one prescription for buprenorphine. We searched a public database of criminal charges and recorded criminal charges prior to and after enrollment. We compared the total number of criminal cases and drug cases 2 years before versus 2 years after initiation of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There was at least one criminal charge made against 38% of the subjects in the 2 years after initiation of treatment; these subjects were more likely to have used heroin, to have injected drugs, to have had any prior criminal charges, and recent criminal charges. There was no significant difference in the number of subjects with any criminal charge or a drug charge before and after initiation of treatment. Likewise, the mean number of all cases and drug cases was not significantly different between the two periods. However, among those who were opioid-negative for 6 or more months in the first year of treatment, there was a significant decline in criminal cases. On multivariable analysis, having recent criminal charges was significantly associated with criminal charges after initiation of treatment (adjusted odds ratio 3.92); subjects who were on opioid maintenance treatment prior to enrollment were significantly less likely to have subsequent criminal charges (adjusted odds ratio 0.52).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among subjects with prior criminal charges, initiation of office-based buprenorphine treatment did not appear to have a significant impact on subsequent criminal charges.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597x-7-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]],"date-time":"2012-03-19T19:14:25Z","timestamp":1332184465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Criminal charges prior to and after initiation of office-based buprenorphine treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth E","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet Soeffing","family":"Jacapraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius A","family":"Rastegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(83)90037-6","volume":"12","author":"JC Ball","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ball JC, Shaffer JW, Nurco DN: The day-to-day criminality of heroin addicts in Baltimore-a study in the continuity of offence rates. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1983, 12: 119-142. 10.1016\/0376-8716(83)90037-6.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"196_CR2","first-page":"95","volume":"21","author":"MT French","year":"2000","unstructured":"French MT, McGreary KA, Chitwood DD, McCoy CB, Inciardi JA, McBride D: Chronic drug use and crime. Subst Abuse. 2000, 21: 95-109.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"196_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9089-3","volume-title":"The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services, and Outcomes","author":"JC Ball","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ball JC, Ross A: The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services, and Outcomes. 1991, New York: Springer"},{"key":"196_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-1-20","volume":"1","author":"SP Kubiak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kubiak SP, Arfken CL, Swartz JA, Koch AL: Treatment at the front end of the criminal justice continuum: the association between arrest and admission into specialty substance abuse treatment. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2002, 1: 20-","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"196_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(97)90003-1","volume":"9","author":"J Bell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bell J, Mattick R, Hay A, Hall JCW: Methadone maintenance and drug-related crime. J Subst Abuse. 1997, 9: 15-25.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse"},{"key":"196_CR6","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Drug Abuse Treatment Evaluation: Strategies, Progress, and Prospects. NIDA Research Monograph 51","author":"RL Hubbard","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hubbard RL, Rachal JV, Craddock SG, Cavanaugh ER: Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS): Client characteristics and behaviors before, during, and after treatment. Drug Abuse Treatment Evaluation: Strategies, Progress, and Prospects. NIDA Research Monograph 51. Edited by: Tims FM, Ludford JP. 1984, Rockville: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 42-68."},{"key":"196_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-008-9138-8","volume":"33","author":"R Lobemann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lobemann R, Verthein U: Explaining effectiveness of heroin-assisted treatment on crime reductions. Law Hum Behav. 2009, 33: 83-95.","journal-title":"Law Hum Behav"},{"key":"196_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01050.x","volume":"100","author":"KA Dolan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dolan KA, Shearer J, White B, Zhou J, Kaldor J, Wodak AD: Four-year follow-up of imprisoned male heroin users and methadone treatment: mortality, re-incarceration and hepatitis C infection. Addiction. 2005, 100: 820-828. 10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01050.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"196_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.1.102","volume":"63","author":"RP Schwartz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwartz RP, Highfield DA, Jaffe JH, Brady JV, Butler CB, Rouse CO, Callaman JM, O'Grady KE, Battjes RJ: A randomized controlled trial of interim methadone maintenance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006, 63: 102-109. 10.1001\/archpsyc.63.1.102.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"196_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.007","volume":"103","author":"RP Schwartz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwartz RP, Jaffe JH, O'Grady KE, Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, Kelly SM, Wilson ME, Ahmed A: Interim methadone treatment: impact on arrests. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009, 103: 148-154. 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.007.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"196_CR11","first-page":"CD002207","volume":"3","author":"RP Mattlick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mattlick RP, Kimber J, Breen C, Davoli M: Burpenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, 3: CD002207-","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"196_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"M Connock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Connock M, Juarez-Garcia A, Jowett S, Frew E, Liu Z, Taylor RJ, Fry-Smith A, Day E, Lintzeris N, Roberts T, Burls A, Taylor RS: Methadone and buprenorphine for the management of opioid dependence: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2007, 11: 1-53.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"196_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01316.x","volume":"101","author":"S Fazel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fazel S, Bains P, Doll H: Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: a systematic review. Addiction. 2006, 101: 181-191. 10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01316.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"196_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.976","volume":"30","author":"RK Chandler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chandler RK, Fletcher BW, Volkow ND: Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: improving public health and safety. JAMA. 2009, 30: 183-190.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"196_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03618.x","volume":"107","author":"S Larney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Larney S, Toson B, Dolan K: Effect of prison-based opioid substitution treatment and post-release retention in treatment on risk of re-incarceration. Addiction. 2011, 107: 372-380.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"196_CR16","first-page":"61","volume":"34","author":"S Magura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Magura S, Lee JD, Hershberger J, Joseph H, Marsch L, Shropshire C, Rosenblum A: Buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in jail and post-release: a randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008, 34: 61-74.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"196_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.931516.x","volume":"93","author":"S Magura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Magura S, Nwakeze PC, Demsky SY: Pre- and in-treatment predictors of retention in methadone treatment using survival analysis. Addiction. 1998, 93: 51-60. 10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.931516.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"196_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1306-0","volume":"25","author":"EA Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang EA, Moore BA, Sullivan LE, Fiellin DA: Effect of incarceration history on outcomes of primary care office-based buprenorphine\/naloxone. J Gen Intern Med. 2010, 25: 670-674. 10.1007\/s11606-010-1306-0.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"196_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.05.003","volume":"37","author":"JM Soeffing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soeffing JM, Martin LD, Fingerhood MI, Jasinski DR, Rastegar DA: Buprenorphine maintenance treatment in a primary care setting: outcomes at 1 year. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009, 37: 426-430. 10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.05.003.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"196_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.023","volume":"79","author":"M Gossop","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gossop M, Trakada K, Stewart D, Witton J: Reductions in criminal convictions after addiction treatment: 5-year follow-up. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005, 79: 295-302. 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.023.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"196_CR21","unstructured":"Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime statistics. http:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/cjis\/ucr\/ucr#ucr_cius"}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1747-597X-7-10.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T18:54:55Z","timestamp":1630522495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/substanceabusepolicy.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1747-597X-7-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1747-597x-7-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-597X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-597X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 December 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"10"}}