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The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of HIV-TAT protein transduction domain mediated protein transduction of SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) against ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recombinant TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>were obtained by prokaryotic\u2013based protein expression system. The transduction effect and biological activity of TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>was measured by immunofluorescence and antioxidant capability assays in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Mito-Tracker staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, cell apoptosis analysis and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay were used to access the protective effect of TAT- SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uptake of TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>by HaCaT cells retained its biological activity. Compared with natural SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, the application of TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>significantly enhanced the viability and decreased the apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. Moreover, TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>reduced ROS and preserved mitochondrial integrity after radiation exposure in HaCaT cells. Radiation-induced \u03b3H2AX foci, which are representative of DNA double strand breaks, were decreased by pretreatment with TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. Furthermore, subcutaneous application of TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>resulted in a significant decrease in 45\u00a0Gy electron beam-induced ROS and MDA concentration in the skins of rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidences for the protective role of TAT-SOD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>in alleviating radiation-induced damage in HaCaT cells and rat skins, which suggests a new therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced skin injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717x-8-253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1383220896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["HIV-TAT mediated protein transduction of Cu\/Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) protects skin cells from ionizing radiation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tienan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.3635","volume":"9","author":"R Baskar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baskar R, Lee KA, Yeo R, Yeoh KW: Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions. 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