{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:35:14Z","timestamp":1792654514589,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The Krebs-Henseleit buffer is the best perfusion solution for isolated mammalian hearts. We hypothesized that a Krebs-Henseleit buffer-based cardioplegic solution might provide better myocardial protection than well-known crystalloid cardioplegic solutions because of its optimal electrolyte and glucose levels, presence of buffer systems, and mild hyperosmolarity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to either global ischemia without cardioplegia (controls) or cardioplegic arrest for either 60 or 180 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer-based cardioplegic solution (mKHB) and St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital solution No. 2 (STH2) were studied. During global ischemia, the temperatures of the heart and the cardioplegic solutions were maintained at either 37\u00b0C (60 min of ischemia) or 22\u00b0C (moderate hypothermia, 180 min of ischemia). Hemodynamic parameters were registered throughout the experiments. The infarct size was determined through histochemical examination.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cardioplegia with the mKHB solution at moderate hypothermia resulted in a minimal infarct size (5 \u00b1 3%) compared to that in the controls and STH2 solution (35 \u00b1 7% and 19 \u00b1 9%, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, for both groups vs. the mKHB group). In contrast to the control and STH2-treated hearts, no ischemic contracture was registered in the mKHB group during the 180-min global ischemia. At normothermia, the infarct sizes were 4 \u00b1 3%, 72 \u00b1 6%, and 70 \u00b1 12% in the mKHB, controls, and STH2 groups, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). In addition, cardioplegia with mKHB at normothermia prevented ischemic contracture and improved the postischemic functional recovery of the left ventricle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, vs. STH2).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The data suggest that the Krebs-Henseleit buffer-based cardioplegic might be superior to the standard crystalloid solution (STH2).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T17:38:47Z","timestamp":1364924327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Myocardial protection against global ischemia with Krebs-Henseleit buffer-based cardioplegic solution"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sarkis M","family":"Minasian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M","family":"Galagudza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri V","family":"Dmitriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry I","family":"Kurapeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur D","family":"Vlasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"768_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.04.001","volume":"27","author":"DJ Chambers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chambers DJ, Fallouh HB: Cardioplegia and cardiac surgery: pharmacological arrest and cardioprotection during global ischemia and reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther. 2010, 27: 41-52.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"768_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00475-5","volume":"24","author":"F Nicolini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nicolini F, Beghi C, Muscari C: Myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery: current options and future challenges. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003, 24: 986-993. 10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00475-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.06.004","volume":"141","author":"SB O'Blenes","year":"2011","unstructured":"O'Blenes SB, Friesen CH, Ali A, Howlett S: Protecting the aged heart during cardiac surgery: the potential benefits of del Nido cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011, 141: 762-770. 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.06.004.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"768_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.001644","volume":"114","author":"V Guru","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guru V, Omura J, Alghamdi AA, Weisel R, Fremes SE: Is blood superior to crystalloid cardioplegia? A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Circulation. 2006, 114: I331-I338.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"768_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.178343","volume":"7","author":"S Jacob","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacob S, Kallikourdis A, Sellke F, Dunning J: Is blood cardioplegia superior to crystalloid cardioplegia?. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2008, 7: 491-498. 10.1510\/icvts.2008.178343.","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.09.030","volume":"37","author":"Y Fan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fan Y, Zhang AM, Xiao YB, Weng YG, Hetzer R: Warm versus cold cardioplegia for heart surgery: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010, 37: 912-919. 10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.09.030.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03009322","volume":"40","author":"YJ Kao","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kao YJ, Mian T, Kleinman S, Racz GB: Hyperkalaemia: a complication of warm heart surgery. Can J Anaesth. 1993, 40: 67-70. 10.1007\/BF03009322.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"768_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.02.071","volume":"81","author":"E Hickey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hickey E, Karamlou T, You J, Ungerleider RM: Effects of circuit miniaturization in reducing inflammatory response to infant cardiopulmonary bypass by elimination of allogeneic blood products. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006, 81: S2367-S2372. 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.02.071.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2010.01082.x","volume":"34","author":"J Arens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arens J, Schnoering H, Pfennig M: The Aachen MiniHLM-a miniaturized heart-lung machine for neonates with an integrated rotary blood pump. Artif Organs. 2010, 34: 707-713. 10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2010.01082.x.","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"768_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02482780","volume":"29","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nakamura Y, Taremoto N, \u041auroda H, Ohgi S: \u0422he advantages of normocalcemic continuous warm cardioplegia over low calcemic cardioplegia in myocardial protection. Surg Today. 1999, 29: 884-889. 10.1007\/BF02482780.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"768_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(89)90090-0","volume":"3","author":"A Takahashi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Takahashi A, Chambers DJ, Braimbridge MV, Hearse DJ: Cardioplegia: relation of myocardial protection to infusion volume and duration. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1989, 3: 130-133. 10.1016\/1010-7940(89)90090-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.10.002","volume":"9","author":"XN Tang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tang XN, Yenari MA: Hypothermia as a cytoprotective strategy in ischemic tissue injury. Ageing Res Rev. 2010, 9: 61-68. 10.1016\/j.arr.2009.10.002.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"768_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq227","volume":"88","author":"R Tissier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tissier R, Chenoune M, Ghaleh B, Cohen MV, Downey JM, Berdeaux A: The small chill: mild hypothermia for cardioprotection?. Cardiovasc Res. 2010, 88: 406-414. 10.1093\/cvr\/cvq227.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"768_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907193010305","volume":"301","author":"JW Kirklin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kirklin JW, Conti VR, Blackstone EH: Prevention of myocardial damage during cardiac operations. N Engl J Med. 1979, 301: 135-141. 10.1056\/NEJM197907193010305.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"768_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248410387280","volume":"16","author":"SL Hale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hale SL, Kloner RA: Mild hypothermia as a cardioprotective approach for acute myocardial infarction: laboratory to clinical application. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2011, 16: 131-139. 10.1177\/1074248410387280.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"768_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-7940(02)00828-x","volume":"23","author":"UF Franke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franke UF, Korsch S, Wittwer T: Intermittent antegrade warm myocardial protection compared to intermittent cold blood cardioplegia in elective coronary surgery \u2013 do we have to change?. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003, 23: 341-346. 10.1016\/s1010-7940(02)00828-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.03.052","volume":"38","author":"E Ovrum","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ovrum E, Tangen G, Tollofsrud S, Oystese R, Ringdal MA, Istad R: Cold blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia: a prospective randomized study of 345 aortic valve patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010, 38: 745-749. 10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.03.052.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"768_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-010-0104-5","volume":"105","author":"M Thielmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thielmann M, Kottenberg E, Boengler K: Remote ischemic preconditioning reduces myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass surgery with crystalloid cardioplegic arrest. Basic Res Cardiol. 2010, 105: 657-664. 10.1007\/s00395-010-0104-5.","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"768_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)33771-7","volume":"105","author":"P Owen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Owen P, du Toit EF, Opie LH: The optimal glucose concentration for intermittent cardioplegia in isolated rat heart when added to St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993, 105: 995-1006.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"768_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36767-4","volume":"101","author":"LA Robinson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Robinson LA, Harwood DL: Lowering the calcium concentration in St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution improves protection during hypothermic ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991, 101: 314-325.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"768_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34787-7","volume":"104","author":"DJ Chambers","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chambers DJ, Harvey DM, Braimbridge MV, Hearse DJ: Transient hypocalcemic reperfusion does not improve postischemic recovery in the rat heart after preservation with St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992, 104: 344-356.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"768_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000187456.06162.cb","volume":"97","author":"K Imahashi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Imahashi K, Pott C, Goldhaber JI, Steenbergen C, Philipson KD, Murphy E: Cardiac-specific ablation of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger confers protection against ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Circ Res. 2005, 97: 916-921. 10.1161\/01.RES.0000187456.06162.cb.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"768_CR23","first-page":"423","volume":"34","author":"YS Choong","year":"1993","unstructured":"Choong YS, Cottier DS, Edgar SG: Protective effects of oxygenated St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution during ischaemic cardiac arrest: improved function, metabolism and ultrastructure. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1993, 34: 423-433.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"768_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36419-0","volume":"93","author":"LA Robinson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Robinson LA, Braimbridge MV, Hearse DJ: Enhanced myocardial protection with high-energy phosphates in St. Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution. Synergism of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1987, 93: 415-427.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"768_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/23.4.351","volume":"23","author":"DJ Chambers","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chambers DJ, Astras G, Takahashi A, Manning AS, Braimbridge MV, Hearse DJ: Free radicals and cardioplegia: organic anti-oxidants as additives to the St Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution. Cardiovasc Res. 1989, 23: 351-358. 10.1093\/cvr\/23.4.351.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"768_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2012.01547.x","volume":"37","author":"B Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu B, Long C, Hei F, Wang S: The protective effect of St. Thomas cardioplegia enriched with zacopride on the isolated rat heart. Artif Organs. 2013, 37: E44-E50. 10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2012.01547.x.","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"768_CR27","first-page":"35","volume":"35","author":"YS Chong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chong YS, Cottier DS, Gavin JB: Myocardial protection during prolonged ischaemic cardiac arrest: experimental evaluation of three crystalloid cardioplegic solutions. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1994, 35: 35-44.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"768_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.181057","volume":"7","author":"Y Maruyama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maruyama Y, Chambers DJ: Myocardial protection: efficacy of a novel magnesium-based cardioplegia (RS-C) compared to St Thomas\u2019 Hospital cardioplegic solution. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2008, 7: 745-749.","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T23:46:29Z","timestamp":1630539989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-8090-8-60","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"60"}}