{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:24:07Z","timestamp":1778606647760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chin Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Cichorium glandulosum<\/jats:italic> Boiss. et Huet is used for treatment of liver disorders, and its effects are attributed to sesquiterpenes. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of a sesquiterpene-rich fraction (SRF) from the aerial part of <jats:italic>C. glandulosum<\/jats:italic> on carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice, and on priming with Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immunological liver injury in mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SRF was suspended in water and administered to mice at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 g\/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days. An active control drug (bifendate pills) was suspended in distilled water and administered to mice at 0.40 g\/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days. Hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (0.2 mL\/mouse) at 13 h before the last drug administration, or by tail intravenous injection of BCG (0.2 mL\/mouse) before the first drug administration and LPS (0.2 mL\/mouse; 8 \u03bcg) at 15 h before the last drug administration. Blood samples and the livers were collected for evaluation of the biochemical parameters of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SRF significantly reduced the impact of CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> toxicity. The highest dose of SRF (0.20 g\/kg) was the most effective, reflected by significant reductions in the levels of AST (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), ALT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) and TBIL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009). The serum enzymatic levels induced by BCG and subsequent LPS injection were significantly and dose-dependently restored by SRF, reflected by significant reductions in the levels of AST (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), ALT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and TBIL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) for the highest dose of SRF (0.20 g\/kg).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SRF is hepatoprotective in animal models of chemical and immunological acute liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-7-21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T02:46:54Z","timestamp":1349059614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hepatoprotective activities of a sesquiterpene-rich fraction from the aerial part of Cichorium glandulosum"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wei-Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Qin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haji Akber","family":"Aisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue-Lei","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Totahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"164_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1053\/j.mpmed.2006.10.003","volume":"35","author":"CP Day","year":"2007","unstructured":"Day CP: Alcohol and the liver. 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