{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:45:25Z","timestamp":1790275525505,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurodegeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and the accumulation of somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with certain neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have also provided controversial results on the association of mtDNA haplogroups with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but possible relationships between mtDNA and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) have been less frequently studied.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analysed the role of mtDNA and its maintenance enzymes in 128 early-onset AD (eoAD) and in 66 FTLD cases. Patients and 99 controls were collected from a defined region of Finland, that of Northern Ostrobothnia, for the determination of mtDNA haplogroups and the analysis of two common mtDNA mutations (m.3243A&gt;G, m.8344A&gt;G). In addition, screening was performed for five common <jats:italic>POLG1<\/jats:italic> mutations (T251I, A467T, P587L, W748S and Y955C) and all the coding exons of the <jats:italic>PEO1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ANT1<\/jats:italic> genes were screened for mutations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The frequency of haplogroup cluster IWX was 2.3 fold higher among the FTLD cases than in the controls (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.09-6.65, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.028). The frequency of mtDNA haplogroups or clusters did not differ between the eoAD cases and controls. The two mtDNA mutations and five <jats:italic>POLG1<\/jats:italic> mutations were absent in the eoAD and FTLD patients. No pathogenic mutations were found in the <jats:italic>PEO1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>ANT1<\/jats:italic> genes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conclude that the haplogroup cluster IWX was associated with FTLD in our cohort. Further studies in other ethnically distinct cohorts are needed to clarify the contribution of mtDNA haplogroups to FTLD and AD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-5-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,2]],"date-time":"2010-02-02T19:14:51Z","timestamp":1265138091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in early-onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reetta","family":"Hinttala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Majamaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M","family":"Remes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1086\/302553","volume":"65","author":"D Campion","year":"1999","unstructured":"Campion D, Dumanchin C, Hannequin D, Dubois B, Belliard S, Puel M, Thomas-Anterion C, Michon A, Martin C, Charbonnier F, Raux G, Camuzat A, Penet C, Mesnage V, Martinez M, Clerget-Darpoux F, Brice A, Frebourg T: Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: Prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and mutation spectrum. Am J Hum Genet. 1999, 65: 664-670. 10.1086\/302553.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","volume":"261","author":"EH Corder","year":"1993","unstructured":"Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA: Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science. 1993, 261: 921-923. 10.1126\/science.8346443.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"126_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl241","volume":"15","author":"J Gass","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gass J, Cannon A, Mackenzie IR, Boeve B, Baker M, Adamson J, Crook R, Melquist S, Kuntz K, Petersen R, Josephs K, Pickering-Brown SM, Graff-Radford N, Uitti R, Dickson D, Wszolek Z, Gonzalez J, Beach TG, Bigio E, Johnson N, Weintraub S, Mesulam M, White CL, Woodruff B, Caselli R, Hsiung GY, Feldman H, Knopman D, Hutton M, Rademakers R: Mutations in progranulin are a major cause of ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Hum Mol Genet. 2006, 15: 2988-3001. 10.1093\/hmg\/ddl241.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"Suppl 12","key":"126_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20539","volume":"20","author":"M Goedert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goedert M: Tau gene mutations and their effects. Mov Disord. 2005, 20 (Suppl 12): S45-52. 10.1002\/mds.20539.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"126_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20520","volume":"28","author":"I Le Ber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Le Ber I, Zee van der J, Hannequin D, Gijselinck I, Campion D, Puel M, Laquerriere A, De Pooter T, Camuzat A, Broeck Van den M, Dubois B, Sellal F, Lacomblez L, Vercelletto M, Thomas-Anterion C, Michel BF, Golfier V, Didic M, Salachas F, Duyckaerts C, Cruts M, Verpillat P, Van Broeckhoven C, Brice A, French Research Network on FTD\/FTD-MND: Progranulin null mutations in both sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia. Hum Mutat. 2007, 28: 846-855. 10.1002\/humu.20520.","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"126_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20624","volume":"58","author":"MF Beal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beal MF: Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol. 2005, 58: 495-505. 10.1002\/ana.20624.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"126_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.03.025","volume":"354","author":"A Spinazzola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spinazzola A, Zeviani M: Disorders of nuclear-mitochondrial intergenomic signaling. Gene. 2005, 354: 162-168. 10.1016\/j.gene.2005.03.025.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"126_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.59.053006.104646","volume":"59","author":"WC Copeland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Copeland WC: Inherited mitochondrial diseases of DNA replication. Annu Rev Med. 2008, 59: 131-146. 10.1146\/annurev.med.59.053006.104646.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"126_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-1047-z","volume":"110","author":"A Melberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melberg A, Nennesmo I, Moslemi AR, Kollberg G, Luoma P, Suomalainen A, Holme E, Oldfors A: Alzheimer pathology associated with POLG1 mutation, multiple mtDNA deletions, and APOE4\/4: Premature ageing or just coincidence?. Acta Neuropathol. 2005, 110: 315-316. 10.1007\/s00401-005-1047-z.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"126_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.347","volume":"283","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Finsterer J: Mitochondrial disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia. J Neurol Sci. 2009, 283: 143-148. 10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.347.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"126_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1086\/373937","volume":"72","author":"JM van der Walt","year":"2003","unstructured":"van der Walt JM, Nicodemus KK, Martin ER, Scott WK, Nance MA, Watts RL, Hubble JP, Haines JL, Koller WC, Lyons K, Pahwa R, Stern MB, Colcher A, Hiner BC, Jankovic J, Ondo WG, Allen FH, Goetz CG, Small GW, Mastaglia F, Stajich JM, McLaurin AC, Middleton LT, Scott BL, Schmechel DE, Pericak-Vance MA, Vance JM: Mitochondrial polymorphisms significantly reduce the risk of Parkinson disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2003, 72: 804-811. 10.1086\/373937.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-004-1123-9","volume":"115","author":"J Autere","year":"2004","unstructured":"Autere J, Moilanen JS, Finnil\u00e4 S, Soininen H, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen P, Hallikainen M, Majamaa K: Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms as risk factors for Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia. Hum Genet. 2004, 115: 29-35. 10.1007\/s00439-004-1123-9.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR13","volume-title":"Mitochondrion","author":"N Tanaka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanaka N, Goto YI, Akanuma J, Kato M, Kinoshita T, Yamashita F, Tanaka M, Asada T: Mitochondrial DNA variants in a Japanese population of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion. 2009."},{"key":"126_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78211-8","volume":"351","author":"M Tanaka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Gong J-S, Zhang J, Yoneda M, Yagi K: Mitochondrial genotype associated with longevity. Lancet. 1998, 351: 185-186. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78211-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"126_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.12.1532","volume":"13","author":"G De Benedictis","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Benedictis G, Rose G, Carrieri G, De Luca M, Falcone E, Passarino G, Bonafe M, Monti D, Baggio G, Bertolini S, Mari D, Mattace R, Franceschi C: Mitochondrial DNA inherited variants are associated with successful aging and longevity in humans. FASEB J. 1999, 13: 1532-1536.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"126_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0843-y","volume":"112","author":"AK Niemi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Niemi AK, Hervonen A, Hurme M, Karhunen PJ, Jylh\u00e4 M, Majamaa K: Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms associated with longevity in a Finnish population. Hum Genet. 2003, 112: 29-33. 10.1007\/s00439-002-0843-y.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.04.051","volume":"365","author":"JM van der Walt","year":"2004","unstructured":"van der Walt JM, Dementieva YA, Martin ER, Scott WK, Nicodemus KK, Kroner CC, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Saunders AM, Roses AD, Small GW, Schmechel DE, Murali Doraiswamy P, Gilbert JR, Haines JL, Vance JM, Pericak-Vance MA: Analysis of European mitochondrial haplogroups with Alzheimer disease risk. Neurosci Lett. 2004, 365: 28-32. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.04.051.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"126_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390100463","volume":"108","author":"G Carrieri","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carrieri G, Bonafe M, De Luca M, Rose G, Varcasia O, Bruni A, Maletta R, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Corsonello F, Feraco E, Andreev KF, Yashin AI, Franceschi C, De Benedictis G: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and APOE4 allele are non-independent variables in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Hum Genet. 2001, 108: 194-198. 10.1007\/s004390100463.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.2.302","volume":"55","author":"PF Chinnery","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chinnery PF, Taylor GA, Howell N, Andrews RM, Morris CM, Taylor RW, McKeith IG, Perry RH, Edwardson JA, Turnbull DM: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and susceptibility to AD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. 2000, 55: 302-304.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"126_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-0123-8","volume":"119","author":"JL Elson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Elson JL, Herrnstadt C, Preston G, Thal L, Morris CM, Edwardson JA, Beal MF, Turnbull DM, Howell N: Does the mitochondrial genome play a role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease?. Hum Genet. 2006, 119: 241-254. 10.1007\/s00439-005-0123-8.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-007-0807-z","volume":"28","author":"M Mancuso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mancuso M, Nardini M, Micheli D, Rocchi A, Nesti C, Giglioli NJ, Petrozzi L, Rossi C, Ceravolo R, Bacci A, Choub A, Ricci G, Tognoni G, Manca ML, Siciliano G, Murri L: Lack of association between mtDNA haplogroups and Alzheimer's disease in Tuscany. Neurol Sci. 2007, 28: 142-147. 10.1007\/s10072-007-0807-z.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"126_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02222.x","volume":"15","author":"G Rose","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rose G, Longo T, Maletta R, Passarino G, Bruni AC, De Benedictis G: No evidence of association between frontotemporal dementia and major European mtDNA haplogroups. Eur J Neurol. 2008, 15: 1006-1008. 10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02222.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"126_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","volume":"34","author":"G McKhann","year":"1984","unstructured":"McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1984, 34: 939-944.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"126_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1546","volume":"51","author":"D Neary","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, Freedman M, Kertesz A, Robert PH, Albert M, Boone K, Miller BL, Cummings J, Benson DF: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 1998, 51: 1546-1554.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"126_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000053372","volume":"52","author":"M Meinil\u00e4","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meinil\u00e4 M, Finnil\u00e4 S, Majamaa K: Evidence for mtDNA admixture between the Finns and the Saami. Hum Hered. 2001, 52: 160-170. 10.1159\/000053372.","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"126_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1086\/302802","volume":"66","author":"S Finnil\u00e4","year":"2000","unstructured":"Finnil\u00e4 S, Hassinen IE, Ala-Kokko L, Majamaa K: Phylogenetic network of the mtDNA haplogroup U in Northern Finland based on sequence analysis of the complete coding region by conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis. Am J Hum Genet. 2000, 66: 1017-1026. 10.1086\/302802.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1086\/301959","volume":"63","author":"K Majamaa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Majamaa K, Moilanen JS, Uimonen S, Remes AM, Salmela PI, K\u00e4rpp\u00e4 M, Majamaa-Voltti KA, Rusanen H, Sorri M, Peuhkurinen KJ, Hassinen IE: Epidemiology of A3243G, the mutation for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: Prevalence of the mutation in an adult population. Am J Hum Genet. 1998, 63: 447-454. 10.1086\/301959.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR28","first-page":"203","volume":"48","author":"M Zeviani","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zeviani M, Amati P, Bresolin N, Antozzi C, Piccolo G, Toscano A, DiDonato S: Rapid detection of the A----G(8344) mutation of mtDNA in Italian families with myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF). Am J Hum Genet. 1991, 48: 203-211.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/144.4.1835","volume":"144","author":"A Torroni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Torroni A, Huoponen K, Francalacci P, Petrozzi M, Morelli L, Scozzari R, Obinu D, Savontaus ML, Wallace DC: Classification of European mtDNAs from an analysis of three European populations. Genetics. 1996, 144: 1835-1850.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"126_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1086\/320591","volume":"68","author":"S Finnil\u00e4","year":"2001","unstructured":"Finnil\u00e4 S, Lehtonen MS, Majamaa K: Phylogenetic network for European mtDNA. Am J Hum Genet. 2001, 68: 1475-1484. 10.1086\/320591.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92823-K","volume":"337","author":"PR Wenham","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wenham PR, Price WH, Blandell G: Apolipoprotein E genotyping by one-stage PCR. Lancet. 1991, 337: 1158-1159. 10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92823-K.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"126_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/140.4.1413","volume":"140","author":"F Rousset","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rousset F, Raymond M: Testing heterozygote excess and deficiency. Genetics. 1995, 140: 1413-1419.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"126_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2006.04.009","volume":"37","author":"M Shafa Shariat Panahi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shafa Shariat Panahi M, Houshmand M, Tabassi AR: Mitochondrial D-loop variation in Leber hereditary neuropathy patients harboring primary G11778A, G3460A, T14484C mutations: J and W haplogroups as high-risk factors. Arch Med Res. 2006, 37: 1028-1033. 10.1016\/j.arcmed.2006.04.009.","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"126_CR34","first-page":"1749","volume":"11","author":"A Maruszak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maruszak A, Canter JA, Styczynska M, Zekanowski C, Barcikowska M: Mitochondrial haplogroup H and Alzheimer's disease-is there a connection?. Neurobiol Aging. 2008, 11: 1749-55.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"126_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg230","volume":"20","author":"JS Moilanen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moilanen JS, Finnil\u00e4 S, Majamaa K: Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: Lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J. Mol Biol Evol. 2003, 20: 2132-2142. 10.1093\/molbev\/msg230.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"126_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1086\/430073","volume":"76","author":"A Achilli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Achilli A, Rengo C, Battaglia V, Pala M, Olivieri A, Fornarino S, Magri C, Scozzari R, Babudri N, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Bandelt HJ, Semino O, Torroni A: Saami and Berbers--an unexpected mitochondrial DNA link. Am J Hum Genet. 2005, 76: 883-886. 10.1086\/430073.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1086\/302706","volume":"66","author":"L Simoni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Simoni L, Calafell F, Pettener D, Bertranpetit J, Barbujani G: Geographic patterns of mtDNA diversity in Europe. Am J Hum Genet. 2000, 66: 262-278. 10.1086\/302706.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"126_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-09-03017.2001","volume":"21","author":"K Hirai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirai K, Aliev G, Nunomura A, Fujioka H, Russell RL, Atwood CS, Johnson AB, Kress Y, Vinters HV, Tabaton M, Shimohama S, Cash AD, Siedlak SL, Harris PL, Jones PK, Petersen RB, Perry G, Smith MA: Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2001, 21: 3017-3023.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"126_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(01)00123-1","volume":"40","author":"MA Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith MA, Drew KL, Nunomura A, Takeda A, Hirai K, Zhu X, Atwood CS, Raina AK, Rottkamp CA, Sayre LM, Friedland RP, Perry G: Amyloid-beta, tau alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer disease: The chickens or the eggs?. Neurochem Int. 2002, 40: 527-531. 10.1016\/S0197-0186(01)00123-1.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"126_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.8.759","volume":"60","author":"A Nunomura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nunomura A, Perry G, Aliev G, Hirai K, Takeda A, Balraj EK, Jones PK, Ghanbari H, Wataya T, Shimohama S, Chiba S, Atwood CS, Petersen RB, Smith MA: Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001, 60: 759-767.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"126_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.2.133","volume":"11","author":"MT Lin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lin MT, Simon DK, Ahn CH, Kim LM, Beal MF: High aggregate burden of somatic mtDNA point mutations in aging and Alzheimer's disease brain. Hum Mol Genet. 2002, 11: 133-145. 10.1093\/hmg\/11.2.133.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurodegeneration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1750-1326-5-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T05:45:50Z","timestamp":1630475150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1750-1326-5-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1326-5-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"8"}}