{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:40:01Z","timestamp":1767174001337,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Agents Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute viral hepatitis B is cleared in more than 95% of patients, while the remainder ones may develop either chronic HBV infection or, rarely, fulminant hepatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Therefore there are elderly patients with severe acute HBV hepatitis caractherized by high serum bilirubin levels &gt;15 mmole\/dl, international normalized ratio (INR) with value more than 1.6; these patients are caractherized by a severe outcome of HBV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>As known, outcome of infection and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are determined by viral and host factors, such as T reg lymphocytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>T regs may be associated with a negative immune response such as an inhibition of gamma- IFN secretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The impact of viral load on antiviral T cell responses may play a critical role in thaese patients, influencing disease persistence and immune response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Antiviral drugs could be useful in these patients determing a possible down -regulation of T regs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-4-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,11]],"date-time":"2009-02-11T14:14:30Z","timestamp":1234361670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antiviral therapy in acute viral hepatitis B: why and when"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Morelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Sbreglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Bellopede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oreste","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"48_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.29401","volume":"34","author":"AS Lok","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lok AS, McMahon BJ: Chronic hepatitis B. 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