{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T21:45:26Z","timestamp":1765057526361},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Agents Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In HIV-1-infected patients a long lasting CD4+ cell decline influences the host-EBV balance and thereby increases the risk for EBV related malignancies. In spite of a world-wide access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) there are still a considerable number of HIV-1-infected patients who will develop severe immunodeficiency. These undiagnosed HIV-1 infected patients, so called late testers, demonstrate an increased lymphoma risk, compared to patients diagnosed early. Consecutive individual screening for EBV DNA-load in late testers might be a useful predictor of emerging EBV-malignancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient biopsies and ascites were analyzed morphologically, by immuncyto-histochemistry and in-situ hybridization. Viral DNA and RNA load were quantified by PCR. Cell lines from primary tumor and from ascites, were established<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and further analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>We here report on a case of EBV-positive lymphoma in an AIDS patient, first presenting with pleural effusion and ascites and was thus initially considered a primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) but was later diagnosed as a plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). The patient had responded to cART with undetectable HIV-RNA and increased CD4 cell count one year prior to lymphoma presentation. At the time of lymphoma diagnosis the HIV-RNA values were &lt;50 RNA-copies per mL blood (undetectable) and the CD4-positive cell count 170 \u00d710<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/L. The lymphoma was CD45-negative and weakly CD22- and CD30-positive. The patient had a history of Kaposi sarcoma and HHV-8 seropositivity. The lymphoma biopsies, and three cell lines derived on different occasions from the tumor cell effusion, were all EBV-positive but HHV-8 negative.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A noticeable EBV-DNA load decline was observed during the remission of the lymphoma following CHOP-therapy. The EBV-DNA load increased dramatically at the time of recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>EBV DNA load might be useful in monitoring the effect of lymphoma treatment as well as in estimating the risk of EBV-associated lymphoma in HIV-1 infected patients with pronounced immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-8-28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T14:33:47Z","timestamp":1374676427000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epstein Barr virus DNA analysis in blood predicts disease progression in a rare case of plasmablastic lymphoma with effusion"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Friis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00f6rje","family":"\u00c5kerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birger","family":"Christensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Gyllensten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Aleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie-Zhi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingemar","family":"Ernberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"453_CR1","first-page":"2655","volume-title":"Fields Virology. Volume 2","author":"AB Rickinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rickinson AB, Kieff E: Epstein-Barr virus. Fields Virology. Volume 2. Edited by: Knipe DM, Howley PM. 2007, Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins (Philadelphia, USA), 2655-2700. 5","edition":"5"},{"key":"453_CR2","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours. Volume 2","author":"SH Swerdlow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW: WHO classification of tumours. Volume 2. 2008, Lyon: France: IARC"},{"key":"453_CR3","volume-title":"Hematopathology","author":"J Said","year":"2011","unstructured":"Said J: Hematopatology of human immunodefiecys virus (HIV) infection. Hematopathology. Edited by: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Vardiman JW, Campo E, Arber DA. 2011, (Oxford, UK): Elsevier"},{"key":"453_CR4","volume-title":"Human Immunodefency Viruses and Human T-cell lympotropic Viruses International Agency for Research on Cancer\/World Health Organization. Volume 67","author":"IARC","year":"1996","unstructured":"IARC: Monographs on the evaluation of Carcionogenic Risks to Human. Human Immunodefency Viruses and Human T-cell lympotropic Viruses International Agency for Research on Cancer\/World Health Organization. Volume 67. 1996, Lyon: France: IARC"},{"key":"453_CR5","first-page":"55","volume":"8","author":"MA Khan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khan MA, Jakate S, Komanduri S: Rare AIDS-associated plasmablastic lymphoma as the initial presentation of AIDS. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2010, 8: 55-57.","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"453_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2011.59","volume":"11","author":"JJ Castillo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castillo JJ, Reagan JL: Plasmablastic lymphoma: a systematic review. Sci World J. 2011, 11: 687-696.","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"453_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200401000-00003","volume":"28","author":"AM Cioc","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cioc AM, Allen C, Kalmar JR, Suster S, Baiocchi R, Nuovo GJ: Oral plasmablastic lymphomas in AIDS patients are associated with human herpesvirus 8. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004, 28: 41-46. 10.1097\/00000478-200401000-00003.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"453_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh399","volume":"15","author":"J Teruya-Feldstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teruya-Feldstein J, Chiao E, Filippa DA, Lin O, Comenzo R, Coleman M, Portlock C, Noy A: CD20-negative large-cell lymphoma with plasmablastic features: a clinically heterogenous spectrum in both HIV-positive and -negative patients. Ann Oncol. 2004, 15: 1673-1679. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdh399.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"453_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25547","volume":"117","author":"EP Simard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simard EP, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA: Cumulative incidence of cancer among individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States. Cancer. 2011, 117: 1089-1096. 10.1002\/cncr.25547.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"453_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1258\/095646205774357262","volume":"16","author":"J Brannstrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brannstrom J, Akerlund B, Arneborn M, Blaxhult A, Giesecke J: Patients unaware of their HIV infection until AIDS diagnosis in Sweden 1996\u20132002\u2013a remaining problem in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Int J STD AIDS. 2005, 16: 702-706. 10.1258\/095646205774357262.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"453_CR11","first-page":"869841","volume":"2012","author":"K Buchacz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buchacz K, Armon C, Palella FJ, Baker RK, Tedaldi E, Durham MD, Brooks JT: CD4 Cell Counts at HIV Diagnosis among HIV Outpatient Study Participants, 2000\u20132009. AIDS Res Treat. 2012, 2012: 869841-","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"453_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1086\/341460","volume":"186","author":"D Van Baarle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Baarle D, Wolthers KC, Hovenkamp E, Niesters HGM, Osterhaus ADME, Miedema F, et al.: Absolute level of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is not predictive of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Inf Dis. 2002, 186: 405-409. 10.1086\/341460.","journal-title":"J Inf Dis"},{"key":"453_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2276","volume":"214","author":"V Appay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Appay V, Sauce D: Immune activation and inflammation in HIV-1 infection: causes and consequences. J Pathol. 2008, 214: 231-241. 10.1002\/path.2276.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"453_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.041","volume":"30","author":"AMC Friis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friis AMC, \u00c5kerlund B, Bratt G, Aleman A, Sandstr\u00f6m E, Ernberg I: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome load in HIV-1 positive patients is affected by rgp-160 vaccination or prehistory of symptoms upon primary infection. Vaccine. 2012, 30: 6093-6098. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.041.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"453_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3090","volume":"10","author":"U Klein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein U, Gloghini A, Gaidano G, Chadburn A, Cesarman E, Dalla-Favera R, Carbone A: Gene expression profile analysis of AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) suggests a plasmablastic derivation and identifies PEL-specific transcripts. Blood. 2003, 10: 4115-4121.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"453_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27551","volume":"21","author":"JJ Castillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castillo JJ, Furman M, Beltr\u00e1n BE, Bibas M, Bower M, Chen W, D\u00edez-Mart\u00edn JL, Liu JJ, Miranda RN, Montoto S, et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus\u2012associated plasmablastic lymphoma. Cancer. 2012, 21: 5270-5277.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"453_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3164","volume":"49","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Yoshida T, Nakamura N, Kamata H, Kotani S, Ohsaka M, Kjita S, Miyazaki K, Ohtani S, Nakayama M, et al.: CD3- and CD4-positive plasmablastic lymphoma: a literature review of Japanese plasmablastic lymphoma cases. Intern Med. 2010, 49: 1801-1805. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3164.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"453_CR18","volume-title":"Int J Hematol","author":"H Goto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goto H, Kojima Y, Nagai H, Okada S: Establishment of a CD4-positive cell line from an AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma. Int J Hematol. 2013, e-publ 21 April"},{"key":"453_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/v2040867","volume":"2","author":"AM Friis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Friis AM, Gyllensten K, Aleman A, Ernberg I, Akerlund B: The effect of antiretroviral combination treatment on Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) genome load in HIV-infected patients. Viruses. 2010, 2: 867-879. 10.3390\/v2040867.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"453_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1086\/595888","volume":"48","author":"GK Robbins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robbins GK, Spritzler JG, Chan ES, Asmuth DM, Gandhi RT, Rodriguez BA, Skowron G, Skolnik PR, Shafer RW, Pollard RB: Incomplete reconstitution of T cell subsets on combination antiretroviral therapy in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384. Clin Infect Dis. 2009, 48: 350-361. 10.1086\/595888.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"453_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6931","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.6931","volume":"172","author":"ER Piriou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Piriou ER, Van Dort K, Nanlohy NM, Miedema F, Van Oers MH, Van Baarle D: Altered EBV viral load setpoint after HIV seroconversion is in accordance with lack of predictive value of EBV load for the occurrence of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Immunol. 2004, 172: 6931-6937.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"453_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.00998.x","volume":"13","author":"M Leruez-Ville","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leruez-Ville M, Seng R, Morand P, Boufassa F, Boue F, Deveau C, Rouzioux C, Goujard C, Seigneurin JM, Meyer L: Blood Epstein\u2013Barr virus DNA load and risk of progression to AIDS-related systemic B lymphoma. HIV Med. 2012, 13: 479-487.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"453_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.3.807.003k24_807_814","volume":"95","author":"A Gustafsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gustafsson A, Levitsky V, Zou JZ, Frisan T, Dalianis T, Ljungman P, Ringden O, Winiarski J, Ernberg I, Masucci MG: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in bone marrow transplant recipients at risk to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease: prophylactic infusion of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells. Blood. 2000, 95: 807-814.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"453_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.02.012","volume":"7","author":"R Dolcetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dolcetti R:B lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus: the lesson of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Autoimmun Rev. 2007, 7: 96-101. 10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.02.012.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"453_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00410.x","volume":"11","author":"H Omar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Omar H, Hagglund H, Gustafsson-Jernberg A, LeBlanc K, Mattsson J, Remberger M, Ringden O, Sparrelid E, Sundin M, Winiarski J, et al.: Targeted monitoring of patients at high risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease by quantitative Epstein-Barr virus polymerase chain reaction. Transpl Infect Dis. 2009, 11: 393-399. 10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00410.x.","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"453_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910170108","volume":"17","author":"L Zech","year":"1976","unstructured":"Zech L, Haglund U, Nilsson K, Klein G: Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in biopsies and lymphoid-cell lines from patients with Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas. Int J Cancer. 1976, 17: 47-56. 10.1002\/ijc.2910170108.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"453_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.1.192.192","volume":"78","author":"KJ Trainor","year":"1991","unstructured":"Trainor KJ, Brisco MJ, Wan JH, Neoh S, Grist S, Morley AA: Gene rearrangement in B- and T-lymphoproliferative disease detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Blood. 1991, 78: 192-196.","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Infectious Agents and Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1750-9378-8-28.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T07:24:25Z","timestamp":1715757865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/infectagentscancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1750-9378-8-28"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-9378-8-28","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-9378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"28"}}