{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:02:40Z","timestamp":1791385360124,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]],"date-time":"2006-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]],"date-time":"2006-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-47-55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,27]],"date-time":"2006-09-27T18:24:59Z","timestamp":1159381499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Pyometra in Bitches Induces Elevated Plasma Endotoxin and Prostaglandin F2\u03b1Metabolite Levels"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Hagman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.-S.","family":"Lagerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"345_CR1","first-page":"1497","volume":"44","author":"GD Bottoms","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bottoms GD, Johnson MA, Roesel OF: Endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes in dogs: Role of thromboxane and prostaglandin I2. Am J Vet Res. 1983, 44: 1497-1500.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"345_CR2","first-page":"508","volume":"27","author":"B B\u00f8rresen","year":"1975","unstructured":"B\u00f8rresen B: Pyometra in the dog \u2013 a pathophysiological investigation. IV. The pyometra syndrome, a review. Nord. Vet-Med. 1975, 27: 508-517.","journal-title":"Vet-Med"},{"key":"345_CR3","first-page":"255","volume":"32","author":"B B\u00f8rresen","year":"1980","unstructured":"B\u00f8rresen B: Pyometra in the dog \u2013 a pathophysiological investigation. IV. Functional derangement of extragenital organs. Nord. Vet-Med. 1980, 32: 255-268.","journal-title":"Vet-Med"},{"key":"345_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548423","volume":"18","author":"B B\u00f8rresen","year":"1979","unstructured":"B\u00f8rresen B, Naess B: Microbiological, Immunological and toxicological aspects of canine pyometra. Acta Vet Scand. 1979, 18: 569-571.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"345_CR5","first-page":"378","volume":"32","author":"B B\u00f8rresen","year":"1980","unstructured":"B\u00f8rresen B, Skrede S: Pyometra in the dog \u2013 a pathophysiological investigation. V. The presence of intrahepatic cholestasis and \"acute phase reaction\". Nord. Vet-Med. 1980, 32: 378-386.","journal-title":"Vet-Med"},{"key":"345_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361327","volume":"11","author":"J De Schepper","year":"1987","unstructured":"De Schepper J, Van Der Stock J, Capiau C: The characteristic pattern of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the bitch with the cystic endometrial hyperplasia \u2013 pyometra complex. Effect on medical or surgical treatment. Vet Res Comm. 1987, 11: 65-75. 10.1007\/BF00361327.","journal-title":"Vet Res Comm"},{"key":"345_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01587.x","volume":"15","author":"A Egenvall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Egenvall A, Hagman R, Bonnett BN, Hedhammar \u00c5, Olsson P, Lagerstedt A-S: Breed risk of pyometra in insured dogs in Sweden. J Vet Intern Med. 2001, 15: 530-538. 10.1892\/0891-6640(2001)015<0530:BROPII>2.3.CO;2.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"345_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1977.tb08402.x","volume":"61","author":"JR Fletcher","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fletcher JR, Ramwell PW: Modification, by aspirin and indomethacin, of the hemodynamic and prostaglandin releasing effects of E. coli endotoxin in the dog. Brit J Pharmac. 1977, 61: 175-181.","journal-title":"Brit J Pharmac"},{"key":"345_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(90)90020-L","volume":"1","author":"ES Fox","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fox ES, Thomas P, Broitman SA: Hepatic mechanisms for clearance and detoxification of bacterial endotoxins. J Nutr Biochem. 1990, 1: 620-628. 10.1016\/0955-2863(90)90020-L.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"345_CR10","volume-title":"Guideline on validation of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test as an end-product endotoxin test for human and animal parenteral drugs, biological products and medical devices","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"1987","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration: Guideline on validation of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test as an end-product endotoxin test for human and animal parenteral drugs, biological products and medical devices. 1987, Division of manufacturing and Product Quality, Office of Compliance, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA"},{"key":"345_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1997.tb01127.x","volume":"44","author":"B Fransson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fransson B, Lagerstedt A-S, Hellmen E, Jonsson P: Bacteriological findings, blood chemistry profile and plasma endotoxin levels in bitches with pyometra or other uterine disease. J Vet Med. 1997, 44: 417-426.","journal-title":"J Vet Med"},{"key":"345_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547251","volume":"25","author":"G Fredriksson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fredriksson G: Some reproductive and clinical aspects of endotoxins in cows with special emphasis on the role of prostaglandins. Acta Vet Scand. 1984, 25: 365-377.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"345_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(85)90077-6","volume":"8","author":"G Fredriksson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fredriksson G, Kindahl H, Edqvist L-E: Endotoxin induced prostaglandin release and corpus luteum function in goats. Anim Reprod Sci. 1985, 8: 109-121. 10.1016\/0378-4320(85)90077-6.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"345_CR14","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Bacterial endotoxins. Pathophysiological effects, clinical significance and pharmacological control","author":"C Galanos","year":"1988","unstructured":"Galanos C, Freudenberg MA, Matsuura M, Coumbos A: Hypersensitivity to endotoxins and mechanisms of host-response. Bacterial endotoxins. Pathophysiological effects, clinical significance and pharmacological control. Edited by: Levin J, B\u00fcller HR, Ten Cate JW, Van Deventer SJH, Sturk A. 1988, Alan R. Liss Inc., New York, 295-308."},{"key":"345_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(89)50137-2","volume":"19","author":"J Goodwin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goodwin J, Schaer M: Septic shock. Vet Clin North. Am: Small Anim Pract. 1989, 19: 1239-1258.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North. Am: Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"345_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(82)86204-6","volume":"86","author":"E Granstr\u00f6m","year":"1982","unstructured":"Granstr\u00f6m E, Kindahl H: Radioimmunoassay of the major plasma metabolite of PGF2\u03b1, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2\u03b1. Methods Enzymol. 1982, 86: 320-339.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"345_CR17","first-page":"55","volume-title":"New aspects of canine pyometra \u2013 Studies on epidemiology and pathogenesis","author":"R Hagman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hagman R: New aspects of canine pyometra \u2013 Studies on epidemiology and pathogenesis. 2004, Doctoral thesis, Veterinaria 182, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 55-"},{"key":"345_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00449-7","volume":"84","author":"R Hagman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hagman R, K\u00fchn I: Escherichia coli strains isolated from the uterus and the urinary bladder of bitches suffering from pyometra: comparison by restriction enzyme digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Vet Microbiol. 2002, 84: 143-153. 10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00449-7.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"345_CR19","first-page":"763","volume":"17","author":"EM Hardie","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hardie EM: Life-threatening bacterial infection. Compend Contin Edu Pract Vet. 1995, 17: 763-777.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Edu Pract Vet"},{"key":"345_CR20","first-page":"245","volume":"10","author":"RM Hardy","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hardy RM, Osborne CA: Canine pyometra: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of uterine and extra-uterine lesions. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1974, 10: 245-267.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"345_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07426.x","volume":"55","author":"RB Heap","year":"1975","unstructured":"Heap RB, Poyser NL: Prostaglandins in pyometrial fluid from the cow, bitch and ferret. Br J Pharmac. 1975, 55: 515-518.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmac"},{"key":"345_CR22","first-page":"24","volume-title":"On the effects induced by ingested and inhaled endotoxin in the pig","author":"H Holst","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holst H: On the effects induced by ingested and inhaled endotoxin in the pig. 1994, Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 24-26."},{"key":"345_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1993.tb00598.x","volume":"40","author":"H Holst","year":"1993","unstructured":"Holst H, Edqvist L-E, Kindahl H, Rylander R: Effects of oral and intravenous administration of endotoxin in prepubertal gilts. J Vet Med. 1993, 40: 33-44.","journal-title":"J Vet Med"},{"key":"345_CR24","first-page":"816","volume-title":"Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology","author":"JG Holt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Stanley JT, Williams ST: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 1994, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 816-9","edition":"9"},{"key":"345_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.51.597","volume":"51","author":"E Isogai","year":"1989","unstructured":"Isogai E, Isogai H, Onuma M, Mizukoshi N, Hayashi M, Namioka S: Escherichia coli associated endotoxemia in dogs with parvovirus infection. Jpn J Vet Sci. 1989, 51: 597-606.","journal-title":"Jpn J Vet Sci"},{"key":"345_CR26","first-page":"134","volume":"82","author":"H Kindahl","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kindahl H, Edqvist L-E, Bane A, Granstr\u00f6m E: Blood levels of progesterone and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2\u03b1 during normal oestrus cycle and early pregnancy in heifers. Acta Endocr. 1976, 82: 134-149.","journal-title":"Acta Endocr"},{"key":"345_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(86)50061-9","volume":"16","author":"RW Nelson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nelson RW, Feldman EC: Pyometra. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1986, 16: 561-576.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"345_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.02.201","volume":"57","author":"K Odensvik","year":"1996","unstructured":"Odensvik K, Magnusson U: Effect of oral administration of flunixine meglumine on the inflammatory response to endotoxin in heifers. Am J Vet Res. 1996, 57: 201-204.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"345_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.607","volume":"55","author":"S Okano","year":"1993","unstructured":"Okano S, Tagawa M, Hara Y, Ejima H, Motoyoshi S, Urakawa N, Furakawa K, Onda M, Ogawa R: Changes in reticuloendothelial function in dogs with endotoxin-induced shock. J Vet Med Sci. 1993, 55: 607-611.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"345_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.1265","volume":"60","author":"S Okano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Okano S, Tagawa M, Takase K: Relationship of the blood endotoxin concentration and prognosis in dogs with pyometra. J Vet Med Sci. 1998, 60: 1265-1267. 10.1292\/jvms.60.1265.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"345_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.229","volume":"64","author":"DL Panciera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Panciera DL, Ritchley JW, Ward DL: Endotoxin-induced nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2003, 64: 229-234. 10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.229.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"345_CR32","first-page":"1006","volume":"167","author":"M Sandholm","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sandholm M, Vasenius H, Kivist\u00f6 AK: Pathogenesis of canine pyometra. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1975, 167: 1006-1010.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"345_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.3.380","volume":"150","author":"JL Shenep","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shenep JL, Mogan KA: Kinetics of endotoxin release during antibiotic therapy for experimental Gram-negative bacterial sepsis. J Infect Dis. 1984, 150: 380-","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"345_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.3.777","volume":"164","author":"PS Tobias","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tobias PS, Soldau K, Ulevitch RJ: Isolation of a lipopolysacharide-binding acute phase reactant from rabbit serum. J Exp Med. 1986, 164: 777-793. 10.1084\/jem.164.3.777.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"345_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(03)00037-2","volume":"21","author":"H Tsumura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsumura H, Hiyama E, Kodama T, Sueda T, Yokoyama T: Relevance of antimicrobial agent-induced endotoxin release from in vitro cultured Escherichia coli and in vivo experimental infection with gram-negative bacilli. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2003, 21: 463-470. 10.1016\/S0924-8579(03)00037-2.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"345_CR36","first-page":"207","volume":"60","author":"M Vandeplassche","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vandeplassche M, Coryn M, De Schepper J: Pyometra in the bitch: Cytological, bacterial, histological and endocrinological characteristics. Vlaams Diergeneeskd. Tijdschr. 1991, 60: 207-211.","journal-title":"Pyometra in the bitch: Cytological, bacterial, histological and endocrinological characteristics. Vlaams Diergeneeskd. Tijdschr"},{"key":"345_CR37","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Detection of bacterial endotoxins with the Limulus lysate test. Progr Clin Biol Res","author":"SJH Van Deventer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Van Deventer SJH, Pauw W, ten Cate JW, Janssen ME, Buller HR, Sturk A: Clinical evaluation in febrile patients of an optimized endotoxin assay in blood. Detection of bacterial endotoxins with the Limulus lysate test. Progr Clin Biol Res. Edited by: Watson SW, Levin J, Novitsky TJ. 1987, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 489-499."},{"key":"345_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1968.tb00456.x","volume":"15","author":"ASJ Van Miert","year":"1968","unstructured":"Van Miert ASJ, Frens J: The reaction of different animal species to bacterial pyrogens. Zentralbl Vet Med Reihe A. 1968, 15: 532-543.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Vet Med Reihe A"},{"key":"345_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000180463","volume":"14","author":"E Wardle","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wardle E: Endotoxin and acute renal failure. Nephron. 1975, 14: 321-331.","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"345_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.4.590-595.1985","volume":"22","author":"HS Warren","year":"1985","unstructured":"Warren HS, Novitsky TJ, Ketchum PA, Roslansky PF, Kania S, Siber GR: Neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by human plasma. J Clin Microbiol. 1985, 22: 590-595.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"345_CR41","volume-title":"Drug-induced immunomodulation of cytokines","author":"DJ Weiss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiss DJ: Drug-induced immunomodulation of cytokines. Edited by: Myers MJ, Murtaugh MP. 1995, Cytokines in animal health and disease, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA"},{"key":"345_CR42","first-page":"291","volume":"23","author":"BC Wessels","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wessels BC, Gaffin SL, Wells MT: Circulating plasma endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) concentrations in healthy and hemorrhagic enteric dogs; antiendotoxin immunotherapy in hemorrhagic enteric endotoxemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1987, 23: 291-295.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"345_CR43","first-page":"455","volume":"25","author":"BC Wessels","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wessels BC, Wells MT: Antiendotoxin immunotherapy for canine pyometra endotoxemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1989, 25: 455-460.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"345_CR44","first-page":"736","volume":"147","author":"\u00c5 \u00c5sheim","year":"1965","unstructured":"\u00c5sheim \u00c5: Pathogenesis of renal damage and polydipsia in dogs with pyometra. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1965, 147: 736-745.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1751-0147-47-55.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1751-0147-47-55\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1751-0147-47-55.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T16:07:06Z","timestamp":1714061226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1751-0147-47-55"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0147-47-55","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-0147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"55"}}