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In Exp. 1, progressive motility after 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of incubation using light microscopy, motility characteristics measured with an automatic sperm analyzer, plasma membrane integrity using carboxyfluorescein diacetate\/propidium iodide (CFDA\/PI) staining and light microscopy, plasma membrane integrity using PI staining and a fluorometer, plasma membrane integrity using a resazurin reduction test, and sperm concentration were evaluated. In Exp. 2, the same tests as in Exp. 1 and a hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) using both light microscopy and a fluorometer were performed immediately after thawing and after a 3-h incubation. Statistical analysis was done separately to all stallions and to those having \u2265 20 mares; in addition, stallions with foaling rates &lt; 60 or \u2265 60% were compared. In Exp. 1, progressive motility for all stallions after a 2 \u2013 4-h incubation correlated with the foaling rate (correlation coefficients 0.39 \u2013 0.51), (p &lt; 0.05). In stallions with &gt; 20 mares, the artificial insemination dose showed a correlation coefficient of -0.58 (p &lt; 0.05). In Exp. 2, the HOST immediately after thawing showed a negative correlation with foaling rate (p &lt; 0.05). No single test was consistently reliable for predicting the fertilizing capacity of semen, since the 2 experiments yielded conflicting results, although the same stallions sometimes participated in both. This shows the difficulty of frozen semen quality control in commercially produced stallion semen, and on the other hand, the difficulty of conducting fertility trials in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-48-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,17]],"date-time":"2006-08-17T18:16:07Z","timestamp":1155838567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Fertility of frozen-thawed stallion semen cannot be predicted by the currently used laboratory methods"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Kuisma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Katila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0531.2003.00451.x","volume":"38","author":"B Colenbrander","year":"2003","unstructured":"Colenbrander B, Gadella BM, Stout TAE: The predictive value of semen analysis in the evaluation of stallion fertility. 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