{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:34:41Z","timestamp":1774542881922,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Syst Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a multilevel, agent based, in silico model that represents the dynamics of rolling, activation, and adhesion of individual leukocytes in vitro. Object-oriented software components were designed, verified, plugged together, and then operated in ways that represent the molecular and cellular mechanisms believed responsible for leukocyte rolling and adhesion. The result is an in silico analogue of an experimental in vitro system. The experimentally measured, phenotypic attributes of the analogue were compared and contrasted to those of leukocytes in vitro from three different experimental conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The individual in silico dynamics of \"rolling\" on simulated P-selectin, and separately on simulated VCAM-1, were an acceptable match to individual in vitro distance-time and velocity-time measurements. The analogues are also able to represent the transition from rolling to adhesion on P-selectin and VCAM-1 in the presence of GRO-\u03b1 chemokine. The individual in silico and in vitro behavioral similarities translated successfully to population level measures. These behavioral similarities were enabled in part by subdividing the functionality of the analogue's surface into 600 independent, \"cell\"-controlled, equally capable modules of comparable functionality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overlap in phenotypic attributes of our analogue with those of leukocytes in vitro confirm the considerable potential of our model for studying the key events that determine the behavioral outcome of individual leukocytes during rolling, activation, and adhesion. Our results provide an important foundation and framework for future in silico research into plausible causal links between well-documented, subcellular molecular level events and the variety of systemic phenotypic attributes that distinguish normal leukocyte adhesion from abnormal disease-associated adhesion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-1-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T08:11:56Z","timestamp":1171959116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Dynamics of in silico leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus F","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Anthony","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2003.10.004","volume":"24","author":"H Ulbrich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ulbrich H, Eriksson EE, Lindbom L: Leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules as targets for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2003, 24: 640-647. 10.1016\/j.tips.2003.10.004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.2.1.189","volume":"2","author":"C Zhu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhu C, Bao G, Wang N: Cell mechanics: mechanical response, cell adhesion, and molecular deformation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000, 2: 189-226. 10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.2.1.189","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1976","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00153.2005","volume":"289","author":"DF Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smith DF, Galkina E, Ley K, Huo Y: GRO family chemokines are specialized for monocyte arrest from flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005, 289: H1976-1984. 10.1152\/ajpheart.00153.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100423","volume":"7","author":"SI Simon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simon SI, Green CE: Molecular mechanics and dynamics of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2005, 7: 151-185. 10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100423","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/352760779X","volume-title":"Leukocyte trafficking: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and methods","author":"A Hamann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamann A, Engelhardt B: Leukocyte trafficking: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and methods. 2005, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA"},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/352760779X.ch4","volume-title":"Leukocyte trafficking: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and methods","author":"G Constantin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Constantin G, Laudanna C: Mechanisms of leukocyte integrin activation. Leukocyte trafficking: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and methods. Edited by: Hamann A, Engelhardt B. 2005, 68-81. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA"},{"key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0505-429","volume":"6","author":"C Laudanna","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laudanna C: Integrin activation under flow: a local affair. Nat Immunol. 2005, 6: 429-430. 10.1038\/ni0505-429","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"14_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.18602.x","volume":"186","author":"K Ley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ley K: Integration of inflammatory signals by rolling neutrophils. Immunol Rev. 2002, 186: 8-18. 10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.18602.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200240897","volume":"97","author":"KC Chang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chang KC, Tees DF, Hammer DA: The state diagram for cell adhesion under flow: leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000, 97: 11262-11267. 10.1073\/pnas.200240897","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81577-1","volume":"63","author":"DA Hammer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hammer DA, Apte SM: Simulation of cell rolling and adhesion on surfaces in shear flow: general results and analysis of selectin-mediated neutrophil adhesion. Biophys J. 1992, 63: 35-57.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)75073-5","volume":"84","author":"SK Bhatia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bhatia SK, King MR, Hammer DA: The state diagram for cell adhesion mediated by two receptors. Biophys J. 2003, 84: 2671-2690.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020129","volume":"2","author":"MR Grant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant MR, Mostov KE, Tlsty TD, Hunt CA: Simulating properties of in vitro epithelial cell morphogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol. 2006, 2: e129-DOI: 10.1371\/journal. pcbi.0020129","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-778452-6.50009-1","volume-title":"Object-oriented simulation with hierarchical, modular models","author":"BP Zeigler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zeigler BP: Object-oriented simulation with hierarchical, modular models. 1990, 89-200. Academic Press"},{"key":"14_CR14","first-page":"1062","volume":"50","author":"W E","year":"2003","unstructured":"E W, Engquist B: Multiscale Modeling and Computation. Notices of the AMS. 2003, 50: 1062-1070.","journal-title":"Notices of the AMS"},{"key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75534-3","volume":"82","author":"EY Park","year":"2002","unstructured":"Park EY, Smith MJ, Stropp ES, Snapp KR, DiVietro JA, Walker WF, Schmidtke DW, Diamond SL, Lawrence MB: Comparison of PSGL-1 microbead and neutrophil rolling: microvillus elongation stabilizes P-selectin bond clusters. Biophys J. 2002, 82: 1835-47.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77169-9","volume":"77","author":"MJ Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith MJ, Berg EL, Lawrence MB: A direct comparison of selectin-mediated transient, adhesive events using high temporal resolution. Biophys J. 1999, 77: 3371-3383.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.128.6.1243","volume":"128","author":"R Alon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alon R, Kassner PD, Carr MW, Finger EB, Hemler ME, Springer TA: The integrin VLA-4 supports tethering and rolling in flow on VCAM-1. J Cell Biol. 1995, 128: 1243-1253. 10.1083\/jcb.128.6.1243","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12877","volume":"108","author":"Y Huo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huo Y, Weber C, Forlow SB, Sperandio M, Thatte J, Mack M, Jung S, Littman DR, Ley K: The chemokine KC, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 triggers monocyte arrest on early atherosclerotic endothelium. J Clin Invest. 2001, 108: 1307-1314. 10.1172\/JCI200112877","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.054171","volume":"89","author":"KE Caputo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caputo KE, Hammer DA: Effect of microvillus deformability on leukocyte adhesion explored using Adhesive Dynamics simulations. Biophys J. 2005, 89: 187-200. 10.1529\/biophysj.104.054171","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.144.1.185","volume":"144","author":"S Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen S, Springer TA: An automatic braking system that stabilizes leukocyte rolling by an increase in selectin bond number with shear. J Cell Biol. 1999, 144: 185-200. 10.1083\/jcb.144.1.185","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(04)74198-3","volume":"86","author":"G Zwartz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zwartz G, Chigaev A, Foutz T, Larson RS, Posner R, Sklar LA: Relationship between molecular and cellular dissociation rates for VLA-4\/VCAM-1 interactions in the absence of shear stress. Biophys J. 2004, 86: 1243-1252.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR22","first-page":"106","volume-title":"The limits of reductionism in biology","author":"S Brenner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brenner S: Biological computation. The limits of reductionism in biology. Edited by: Bock G, Goode JA. 1998, 106-116. Chichester (United Kingdom): Wiley"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0310156","volume":"31","author":"D Noble","year":"2003","unstructured":"Noble D: The future: putting Humpty-Dumpty together again. Biochem Soc Trans. 2003, 31: 156-158.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1194","volume":"6","author":"R Shamri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shamri R, Grabovsky V, Gauguet JM, Feigelson S, Manevich E, Kolanus W, Robinson MK, Staunton DE, von Andrian UH, Alon R: Lymphocyte arrest requires instantaneous induction of an extended LFA-1 conformation mediated by endothelium-bound chemokines. Nat Immunol. 2005, 6: 497-506. 10.1038\/ni1194","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(90)82357-2","volume":"58","author":"C Cozen-Roberts","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cozen-Roberts C, Quinn JA, Lauffenburger DA: Receptor-mediated adhesion phenomena: model studies with the radial flow detachment assay. Biophys J. 1990, 58: 107-125.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.11.7544310","volume":"9","author":"P Kubes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kubes P, Niu XF, Smith CW, Kehrli MEJ, Reinhardt PH, Woodman RC: A novel beta 1-dependent adhesion pathway on neutrophils: a mechanism invoked by dihydrocytochalasin B or endothelial transmigration. FASEB J. 1995, 9: 1103-1111.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"14_CR27","first-page":"635","volume":"22","author":"AJ Goldman","year":"1967","unstructured":"Goldman AJ, Cox RG, Brenner H: Slow viscous motion of a sphere parallel to a plane wall. II. Chem Eng Sci. 1967, 22: 635-660.","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.5.1169","volume":"138","author":"R Alon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alon R, Chen S, Puri KD, Finger EB, Springer TA: The kinetics of L-selectin tethers and the mechanics of selectin-mediated rolling. J Cell Biol. 1997, 138: 1169-1180. 10.1083\/jcb.138.5.1169","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.045690","volume":"87","author":"X Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang X, Craig SE, Kirby H, Humphries MJ, Moy VT: Molecular basis for the dynamic strength of the integrin a4b1\/VCAM-1 interaction. Biophys J. 2004, 87: 3470-3478. 10.1529\/biophysj.104.045690","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.070706","volume":"91","author":"EF Krasik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krasik EF, Yee KL, Hammer DA: Adhesive Dynamics simulation of neutrophil arrest with deterministic activation. Biophys J. 2006, 91: 1145-1155. 10.1529\/biophysj.105.070706","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200204041","volume":"158","author":"T Yago","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yago T, Leppanen A, Qiu H, Marcus WD, Nollert MU, Zhu C, Cummings RD, McEver RP: Distinct molecular and cellular contributions to stabilizing selectin-mediated rolling under flow. J Cell Biol. 2002, 158: 787-799. 10.1083\/jcb.200204041","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"14_CR32","first-page":"H1667","volume":"256","author":"JC Firrell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Firrell JC, Lipowsky HH: Leukocyte margination and deformation in mesenteric venules of rat. Am J Physiol. 1989, 256: H1667-1674.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"14_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1114\/1.143","volume":"27","author":"C Dong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dong C, Cao J, Struble EJ, Lipowsky HH: Mechanics of leukocyte deformation and adhesion to endothelium in shear flow. Ann Biomed Eng. 1999, 27: 298-312. 10.1114\/1.143","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"14_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74652-9","volume":"85","author":"NA N'Dri","year":"2003","unstructured":"N'Dri NA, Shyy W, Tran-Son-Tay R: Computational modeling of cell adhesion and movement using a continuum-kinetics approach. Biophys J. 2003, 85: 2273-2286.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.051029","volume":"88","author":"S Jadhav","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jadhav S, Eggleton CD, Konstantopoulos K: A 3-D computational model predicts that cell deformation affects selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. Biophys J. 2005, 88: 96-104. 10.1529\/biophysj.104.051029","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/311419a0","volume":"311","author":"S Wolfram","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wolfram S: Cellular automata as models of complexity. Nature. 1984, 311: 419-424. 10.1038\/311419a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.69.2013","volume":"69","author":"F Graner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Graner F, Glazier JA: Simulation of biological cell sorting using a two-dimensional etended potts model. Phys Rev Lett. 1992, 69: 2013-2016. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.69.2013","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"14_CR38","first-page":"2128","volume":"47","author":"JA Glazier","year":"1993","unstructured":"Glazier JA, Graner F: Simulation of differential adhesion driven arrangement of biological cells. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics. 1993, 47: 2128-2154.","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics"},{"key":"14_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/bulm.2001.0277","volume":"64","author":"AF Mar\u00e9e","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mar\u00e9e AF, Hogeweg P: Modelling Dictyostelium discoideum morphogenesis: the culmination. Bull Math Biol. 2002, 64: 327-353. 10.1006\/bulm.2001.0277","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"14_CR40","volume-title":"IMA 134; Mathematical systems theory in biology, communication, and finance","author":"M Alber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alber M, Kiskowski M, Glazier J, Jiang Y: On Cellular Automaton Approaches to Modeling Biological Cells. IMA 134; Mathematical systems theory in biology, communication, and finance. Edited by: Arnold DN, Santosa F. 2002, Springer-Verlag, New York"},{"key":"14_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"061912","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.061912","volume":"71","author":"ME Meyer-Hermann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meyer-Hermann ME, Maini PK: Interpreting two-photon imaging data of lymphocyte motility. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2005, 71: 061912-","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"14_CR42","first-page":"83","volume-title":"The artifical life route to artificial intelligence","author":"L Steels","year":"1995","unstructured":"Steels L: The artifical life route to artificial intelligence. Edited by: Steels L, Brooks R. 1995, 83-121. New Jersey: Larence Earlbaum Associates, Inc"},{"key":"14_CR43","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Generative programming: methods, tools, and applications","author":"K Czarnecki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Czarnecki K, Eisenecker U: Generative programming: methods, tools, and applications. 2000, 10: 251-254. New York: Addison-Wesley"},{"key":"14_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-006-9505-4","volume":"23","author":"Y Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu Y, Hunt CA: Mechanistic study of the cellular interplay of transport and metabolism. Pharm Res. 2006, 23: 493-505. 10.1007\/s11095-006-9505-4","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"14_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2005.06.008","volume":"82","author":"Y Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu Y, Hunt CA: Studies of intestinal drug transport using an in silico epithelio-mimetic device. Biosystems. 2005, 82: 154-167. 10.1016\/j.biosystems.2005.06.008","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"14_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403608101","volume":"101","author":"V Ramachandran","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ramachandran V, Williams M, Yago T, Schmidtke DW, McEver RP: Dynamic alterations of membrane tethers stabilize leukocyte rolling on P-selectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101: 13519-13524. 10.1073\/pnas.0403608101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"14_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81660-0","volume":"63","author":"A Tozeren","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tozeren A, Ley K: How do selectins mediate leukocyte rolling in venules. Biophys J. 1992, 63: 700-709.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"14_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V56.5.866.866","volume":"56","author":"GW Schmid-Schoenbein","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schmid-Schoenbein GW, Shih YY, Chien S: Morphometry of human leukocytes. Blood. 1980, 56: 866-875.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"14_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.120.2.545","volume":"120","author":"MS Diamond","year":"1993","unstructured":"Diamond MS, Springer TA: A subpopulation of Mac-1 (CD11b\/CD18) molecules mediates neutrophil adhesion to ICAM-1 and fibrinogen. J Cell Biol. 1993, 120: 545-556. 10.1083\/jcb.120.2.545","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"14_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.3.717","volume":"136","author":"MB Lawrence","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lawrence MB, Kansas GS, Kunkel EJ, Ley K: Threshold levels of fluid shear promote leukocyte adhesion through selectins (CD62L P, E). J Cell Biol. 1997, 136: 717-727. 10.1083\/jcb.136.3.717","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"14_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.5.662","volume":"55","author":"DN Granger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Granger DN, Kubes P: The microcirculation and inflammation: modulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. J Leukoc Biol. 1994, 55: 662-675.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"14_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.4.495","volume":"192","author":"V Grabovsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grabovsky V, Feigelson S, Chen C, Bleijs DA, Peled A, Cinamon G, Baleux F, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lapidot T, van Kooyk Y: Subsecond induction of alpha4 integrin clustering by immobilized chemokines stimulates leukocyte tethering and rolling on endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 under flow conditions. J Exp Med. 2000, 192: 495-506. 10.1084\/jem.192.4.495","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"14_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00174-8","volume":"33","author":"C Dong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dong C, Lei XX: Biomechanics of cell rolling: shear flow, cell-surface adhesion, and cell deformability. J Biomech. 2000, 33: 35-43. 10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00174-8","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"14_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.10.3585","volume":"96","author":"KE Norman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Norman KE, Katopodis AG, Thoma G, Kolbinger F, Hicks AE, Cotter MJ, Pockley AG, Hellewell PG: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 supports rolling on E- and P-selectin in vivo. Blood. 2000, 96: 3585-91.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"14_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48670","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103194200","volume":"276","author":"A Chigaev","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chigaev A, Blenc AM, Braaten JV, Kumaraswamy N, Kepley CL, Andrews RP, Oliver JM, Edwards BS, Prossnitz ER, Larson RS, Sklar LA: Real time analysis of the affinity regulation of alpha 4-integrin. The physiologically activated receptor is intermediate in affinity between resting and Mn(2+) or antibody activation. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276: 48670-78. 10.1074\/jbc.M103194200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"14_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32506","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.49.32506","volume":"273","author":"P Mehta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mehta P, Cummings RD, McEver RP: Affinity and kinetic analysis of P-selectin binding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. J Biol Chem. 1998, 273: 32506-32513. 10.1074\/jbc.273.49.32506","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"14_CR57","first-page":"79","volume":"3","author":"M Long","year":"2006","unstructured":"Long M, Lu S, Sun G: Kinetics of receptor-ligand interactions in immune responses. Cell Mol Immunol. 2006, 3: 79-86.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"14_CR58","unstructured":"In Silico White Blood Cell (ISWBC) Model. http:\/\/systemsbiology.ucsf.edu:8080\/iswbc\/"}],"container-title":["BMC Systems Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1752-0509-1-14.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T02:01:07Z","timestamp":1707616867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1752-0509-1-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-0509-1-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-0509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-0509","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"14"}}