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Comparison with known chemical disease relationships and analysis of transcriptional regulation from gene expression datasets for several environmental factors and phenotypes clustered in a metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric subnetwork supports our network hypotheses. This analysis identifies natural and synthetic retinoids, antipsychotic medications, Omega 3 fatty acids, and pyrethroid pesticides as potential environmental modulators of metabolic syndrome phenotypes through PPAR and adipocytokine signaling and organophosphate pesticides as potential environmental modulators of neuropsychiatric phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identification of key regulatory pathways that integrate genetic and environmental modulators define disease associated targets that will allow for efficient screening of large numbers of environmental factors, screening that could set priorities for further research and guide public health decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-3-46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]],"date-time":"2009-05-05T18:16:19Z","timestamp":1241547379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Genetic and environmental pathways to complex diseases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Julia M","family":"Gohlke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yonqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Rosenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Allan P","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kevin G","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolyn J","family":"Mattingly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Portier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0504-431","volume":"36","author":"KG Becker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Becker KG, Barnes KC, Bright TJ, Wang SA: The Genetic Association Database. 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