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We hypothesized that miRNAs and TFs might play combinatory regulatory roles for schizophrenia genes and, thus, explored miRNA-TF regulatory networks in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 32 feed-forward loops (FFLs) among our compiled schizophrenia-related miRNAs, TFs and genes. Our evaluation revealed that these observed FFLs were significantly enriched in schizophrenia genes. By converging the FFLs and mutual feedback loops, we constructed a novel miRNA-TF regulatory network for schizophrenia. Our analysis revealed EGR3 and hsa-miR-195 were core regulators in this regulatory network. We next proposed a model highlighting EGR3 and miRNAs involved in signaling pathways and regulatory networks in the nervous system. Finally, we suggested several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on miRNAs, their target sites, and TFBSs, which may have an effect in schizophrenia gene regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides many insights on the regulatory mechanisms of genes involved in schizophrenia. It represents the first investigation of a miRNA-TF regulatory network for a complex disease, as demonstrated in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-4-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]],"date-time":"2010-03-09T07:17:36Z","timestamp":1268119056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["A Novel microRNA and transcription factor mediated regulatory network in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"An-Yuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jingchun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhongming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"399_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1159\/000110430","volume":"20","author":"UE Lang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lang UE, Puls I, Muller DJ, Strutz-Seebohm N, Gallinat J: Molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia. 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