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A detailed metabolic characterization of an influenza infected adherent cell line (MDCK) was carried out based on extracellular and intracellular measurements of metabolite concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For most metabolites the comparison of infected (human influenza A\/PR\/8\/34) and mock-infected cells showed a very similar behavior during the first 10-12 h post infection (pi). Significant changes were observed after about 12 h pi: (1) uptake of extracellular glucose and lactate release into the cell culture supernatant were clearly increased in infected cells compared to mock-infected cells. At the same time (12 h pi) intracellular metabolite concentrations of the upper part of glycolysis were significantly increased. On the contrary, nucleoside triphosphate concentrations of infected cells dropped clearly after 12 h pi. This behaviour was observed for two different human influenza A\/PR\/8\/34 strains at slightly different time points.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Comparing these results with literature values for the time course of infection with same influenza strains, underline the hypothesis that influenza infection only represents a minor additional burden for host cell metabolism. The metabolic changes observed after12 h pi are most probably caused by the onset of apoptosis in infected cells. The comparison of experimental data from two variants of the A\/PR\/8\/34 virus strain (RKI versus NIBSC) with different productivities and infection dynamics showed comparable metabolic patterns but a clearly different timely behavior. Thus, infection dynamics are obviously reflected in host cell metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-4-61","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,13]],"date-time":"2010-05-13T19:22:46Z","timestamp":1273778566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Metabolic effects of influenza virus infection in cultured animal cells: Intra- and extracellular metabolite profiling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Joachim B","family":"Ritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aljoscha S","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susann","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Genzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Reichl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"450_CR1","volume-title":"Textbook of influenza","author":"KG Nicholson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nicholson KG, Webster RG, Hay AJ: Textbook of influenza. 1998, Oxford: Blackwell Science,"},{"key":"450_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868110-00002","volume":"68","author":"JM Audsley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Audsley JM, Tannock GA: Cell-based influenza vaccines: progress to date. 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