{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T21:32:33Z","timestamp":1770413553081,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Syst Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Clostridium acetobutylicum<\/jats:italic> is an anaerobic bacterium which is known for its solvent-producing capabilities, namely regarding the bulk chemicals acetone and butanol, the latter being a highly efficient biofuel. For butanol production by <jats:italic>C. acetobutylicum<\/jats:italic> to be optimized and exploited on an industrial scale, the effect of pH-induced gene regulation on solvent production by <jats:italic>C. acetobutylicum<\/jats:italic> in continuous culture must be understood as fully as possible.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We present an ordinary differential equation model combining the metabolic network governing solvent production with regulation at the genetic level of the enzymes required for this process. Parameterizing the model with experimental data from continuous culture, we demonstrate the influence of pH upon fermentation products: at high pH (pH 5.7) acids are the dominant product while at low pH (pH 4.5) this switches to solvents. Through steady-state analyses of the model we focus our investigations on how alteration in gene expression of <jats:italic>C. acetobutylicum<\/jats:italic> could be exploited to increase butanol yield in a continuous culture fermentation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Incorporating gene regulation into the model of solvent production by <jats:italic>C. acetobutylicum<\/jats:italic> enables an accurate representation of the pH-induced switch to solvent production to be obtained and theoretical investigations of possible synthetic-biology approaches to be pursued. Steady-state analyses suggest that, to increase butanol yield, alterations in the expression of single solvent-associated genes are insufficient; a more complex approach targeting two or more genes is required.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-5-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T19:19:44Z","timestamp":1295464784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["A systems biology approach to investigate the effect of pH-induced gene regulation on solvent production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in continuous culture"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Haus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Jabbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Millat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ralf-J\u00f6rg","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Bahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John R","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Wolkenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200700168","volume":"2","author":"P D\u00fcrre","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u00fcrre P: Biobutanol: An attractive biofuel. 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