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Consequently, the identification of diagnostic and prognostic blood biomarkers for PTSD is of great interest. Previously, we assessed genome-wide gene expression of seven brain regions and whole blood in a social defeat mouse model subjected to various stress conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>To extract biological insights from these data, we have applied a new computational framework for identifying gene modules that are activated in common across blood and various brain regions. Our results, in the form of modular gene networks that highlight spatial and temporal biological functions, provide a systems-level molecular description of response to social stress. Specifically, the common modules discovered between the brain and blood emphasizes molecular transporters in the blood-brain barrier, and the associated genes have significant overlaps with known blood signatures for PTSD, major depression, and bipolar disease. Similarly, the common modules specific to the brain highlight the components of the social defeat stress response (e.g., fear conditioning pathways) in each brain sub-region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many of the brain-specific genes discovered are consistent with previous independent studies of PTSD or other mental illnesses. The results from this study further our understanding of the mechanism of stress response and contribute to a growing list of diagnostic biomarkers for PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-7-80","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]],"date-time":"2013-08-20T18:14:07Z","timestamp":1377022447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Core modular blood and brain biomarkers in social defeat mouse model for post traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ruoting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernie J","family":"Daigle Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seid Y","family":"Muhie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Hammamieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marti","family":"Jett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Francis J","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.150284","volume":"99","author":"KH Seal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seal KH, Metzler TJ, Gima KS, Bertenthal D, Maguen S, Marmar CR: Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using department of veterans\u2019 affairs health care, 2002\u20132008. 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