{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:41:23Z","timestamp":1773272483310,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lower Spigelian hernia is a very rare entity. The clinical findings are similar to those of inguinal hernias and in many cases may be misdiagnosed. In the literature, only a few references to this entity have been reported in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a lower Spigelian hernia in a child who presented with an acute painful scrotum.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We discuss the case of a 6-year-old Greek boy who presented to our emergency department complaining of severe pain in the left inguinal area and scrotum. The acute painful swelling started suddenly, without any obvious cause. The initial diagnosis was incarcerated inguinal hernia which was reduced with difficulty. Five days later, the patient still experienced mild pain during palpation and he was operated on. During the operation, a large lower Spigelian hernia was revealed and reconstructed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although Spigelian hernias are rare in children and difficult to diagnose, physicians should be aware of them and include them in the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-3-34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T19:19:24Z","timestamp":1233256764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Low Spigelian hernia in a 6-year-old boy presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Efstratios","family":"Christianakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Paschalidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Filippou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spiros","family":"Rizos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Smailis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Filippou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"847_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01367460","volume":"24","author":"JL Komura","year":"1994","unstructured":"Komura JL, Yano H, Uchida M, Shina I: Pediatric Spigelian hernia: reports of three cases. Surg Today. 1994, 24: 1081-1084. 10.1007\/BF01367460.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"847_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s003839900292","volume":"16","author":"AH Al-Salem","year":"2000","unstructured":"Al-Salem AH: Congenital spigelian hernia and cryptorchidism: cause or coincidence?. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000, 16: 433-436. 10.1007\/s003839900292.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"847_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.31635","volume":"37","author":"JJ White","year":"2002","unstructured":"White JJ: Concomitant spigelian and inguinal hernias in a neonate. 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Edited by: Donnellan WL. 1996, NY, USA: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2: 1-7."},{"key":"847_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-4276-4","volume":"17","author":"H Iswariah","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iswariah H, Metcalfe M, Morrison CP, Maddern GJ: Facilitation of open spigelian hernia repair by laparoscopic location of the hernia defect. Surg Endosc. 2003, 17: 832. 10.1007\/s00464-002-4276-4.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"847_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-002-0080-2","volume":"6","author":"J Losanoff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Losanoff J, Richman B, Jones J: Spigelian hernia in a child: case report and review of the literature. Hernia. 2004, 6: 191-193.","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"847_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.63.735.51","volume":"63","author":"RM Kirby","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kirby RM: Strangulated Spigelian hernia. 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