{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T12:40:14Z","timestamp":1686660014853},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326153600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 82-year-old Caucasian woman had remained in a persistent vegetative state after a coma of seven months duration, which occurred after a stroke with hemiplegia, nine years previously. The persistent vegetative state could be reversed in part by weekly injections with activated immune cells. After therapy, our patient responded to commands in addition to regaining spontaneous movements of both arms and the ability to swallow. This is the first report on the treatment with activated immune cells of a patient in a persistent vegetative state after a coma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 82-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a persistent vegetative state subsequent to a coma. She retained respiratory and autonomic functions. As contact was not possible, physiotherapy was passive. Her skin was yellowish, and our patient did not move by herself. Vomiting repeatedly resulted from tube feeding. After a once-weekly treatment with activated immune cells sampled from our patient's blood and activated<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, several of her functions gradually returned. Our patient opened her eyes in the requested direction and turned her head toward people entering the room. She 'supported' nursing efforts, as the nurse noted a loss of spastic motions. The strength in both her arms returned, and she spontaneously moved her arm on the side experiencing hemiplegia. After three months, our patient could stick out her tongue upon demand. Finally, the swallow reflexes of our patient started to return. However, tube feeding was continued, and our patient died after aspiration of vomit following a feeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The success of treatment with autologous activated immune cells in this patient may have resulted from the production of neuroactive substances, such as neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, by activated immune cells. The deterioration of our patient could be reversed, as demonstrated by the restoration of motor strength in her hemiplegic side. In addition, our patient was able to induce motor responses upon request. It seems reasonable to conclude that activated immune cells may improve the chronic vegetative state in some patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T19:17:38Z","timestamp":1326223058000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Responsiveness of a patient in a persistent vegetative state after a coma to weekly injections of autologous activated immune cells: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fellerhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Laumbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Wank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1983_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6303","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6303","volume":"162","author":"M Besser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Besser M, Wank R: Cutting Edge: clonally restricted production of the neurotrophins brain-derived neirotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA by human immune cells and Th1\/Th2-polarized expression of their receptors. J Immunol. 1999, 162: 6303-6306.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1983_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(02)00163-9","volume":"59","author":"R Wank","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wank R: Schizophrenia and other mental disorders require long-term adoptive immunotherapy. Med Hypotheses. 2002, 59: 154-158. 10.1016\/S0306-9877(02)00163-9.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"1983_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013","volume":"65","author":"B Fellerhoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fellerhoff B, Laumbacher B, Wank R: High riskof schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. Med Hopotheses. 2005, 65: 243-252. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013.","journal-title":"Med Hopotheses"},{"key":"1983_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01459.x","volume":"19","author":"R Wank","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wank R: Rapid responses of lymphocytes in an optimized mixed lymphocyte culture. Tissue Antigens. 1982, 19: 329-339. 10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01459.x.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"3","key":"1983_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0441","volume":"15","author":"G Moalem","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moalem G, Gdalyahu A, Shani Y, Otten U, Lazarovici P, Cohen IR, Schwartz M: Production of neurotrophins by activated T cells: implications for neuroprotective autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2000, 15 (3): 331-345. 10.1006\/jaut.2000.0441.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"1983_CR6","volume-title":"Scand J Immunol","author":"B Laumbacher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laumbacher B, Gu S, Wank R: Activated monocytes prime na\u00efve T cells against autologous cancer: vigourous cancer destruction in vitro and in vivo. Scand J Immunol. 2011,"},{"issue":"17","key":"1983_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.8074","volume":"92","author":"ES Levine","year":"1995","unstructured":"Levine ES, Dreyfus CF, Black IB, Plummer MR: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rapidly enhances synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons via postsynaptic tyrosine kinase receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995, 92 (17): 8074-8077. 10.1073\/pnas.92.17.8074.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6584","key":"1983_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/381706a0","volume":"381","author":"A Figurov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Figurov A, Pozzo-Miller LD, Olafsson P, Wang T, Lu B: Regulation of synaptic responses to high-frequency stimulation and LTP by neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Nature. 1996, 381 (6584): 706-709. 10.1038\/381706a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"1983_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(96)00071-X","volume":"30","author":"M Ebadi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ebadi M, Bashir RM, Heidrick ML, Hamada FM, Refaey HE, Hamed A, Helal G, Baxi MD, Cerutis DR, Lassi NK: Neurotrophins and their receptors in nerve injury and repair. Neurochem Int. 1997, 30 (4-5): 347-374. 10.1016\/S0197-0186(96)00071-X.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T12:18:46Z","timestamp":1686658726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-1947-6-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"6"}}