{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1791266488036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biol Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We continue our exploration of the large polysaccharide polymer Chitosan as an acute therapy for severe damage to the nervous system. We tested the action of subcutaneously injected nanoparticles (~ 100 \u2013 200 nanometers in diameter; 1\u00a0mg per ml) against control injections (silica particle of the same size and concentration) in a standardized <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> spinal cord injury model. These functional tests used standardized physiological measurements of evoked potentials arriving at the sensorimotor cortex subsequent to stimulation of the tibial nerve of the contralateral hindlimb. We further explored the degree of acetylation and molecular weight of chitosan on the success of sealing cell damage using specific probes of membrane integrity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Not one of the control group showed restored conduction of evoked potentials stimulated from the tibial nerve of the hindleg \u2013 through the lesion \u2013 and recorded at the sensorimotor cortex of the brain. Investigation if the degree of acetylation and molecular weight impacted \u201cmembrane sealing\u201d properties of Chitosan were unsuccessful. Dye - exchange membrane probes failed to show a difference between the comparators in the function of Chitosan in ex vivo injured spinal cord tests.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that Chitosan nanoparticles effectively restore nerve impulse transmission through the crushed adult guinea pig spinal cord in vivo after severe crush\/compression injury. The tests of the molecular weight (MW) and degree of acetylation did not produce any improvement in Chitosan\u2019s membrane sealing properties.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-1611-7-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T10:44:24Z","timestamp":1370256264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pushing the science forward: chitosan nanoparticles and functional repair of CNS tissue after spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Bojun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Bohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Ben","family":"Borgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngnam","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101363","volume":"40","author":"J Luo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Luo J, Li N, Robinson JP, Shi R: The increase of reactive oxygen species and their inhibition in an isolated guinea pig spinal cord compression model. 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