{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T10:18:25Z","timestamp":1692353905852},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Antibiotic over-prescribing has generally been considered to be common in Greece, however not much is known about current antibiotic use.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic prescribing in a well-defined rural population of 159 adults and 99 children over a 12-month period in Crete, Greece. The daily-defined doses (DDD) for 1000 people\/day (DID) were 22.1 and 24.2 for children and adults respectively. The overall DID was 23.4, markedly lower than that previously reported for Greece. The use of penicillins was 49.5% of DDD in children and 31.7% in adults. Quinolones represented 2.2% of the total antibiotics (0% in children). Prescriptions of antibiotics were more common during the 3-month period from January to March for both children and adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings of this study confirm the seasonal distribution of antibiotics used and the predominance of prescribing for respiratory tract infections. In the area of the study, antibiotic use seems to be lower than that previously reported for Greece, probably as a result of the recently established net of well-trained primary health physicians.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T23:36:50Z","timestamp":1297813010000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antibiotic prescriptions in primary health care in a rural population in Crete, Greece"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kontarakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioanna G","family":"Tsiligianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polyvios","family":"Papadokostakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Giannopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loukas","family":"Tsironis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasilios","family":"Moustakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"781_CR1","first-page":"1679","volume":"48","author":"E Martin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martin E, Canavan A, Butler R: A decade of caring for drug users entirely within general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1998, 48: 1679-1682.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"781_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00649.x","volume":"20","author":"N Britten","year":"1995","unstructured":"Britten N, Brant S, Cairns A, Hall W, Jones I, Salisbury C, Virji A, Herxheimer A: Continued prescribing of inappropriate drugs in general practice. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1995, 20: 199-205. 10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00649.x.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70799-6","volume":"365","author":"H Goosens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goosens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M: Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with ESAC Project Group. Lancet. 2005, 365: 579-587.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110080034","volume":"34","author":"S Molstad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Molstad S, Lundborg CS, Karlsson AK, Otto C: Antibiotic prescription rates vary markedly between 13 European Countries. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002, 34: 366-371. 10.1080\/00365540110080034.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081590","volume":"9","author":"GK Huchon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Huchon GK, Gialdroni-Grassi G, Leophonte P, Manresa F, Schaberg T, Woodhead M: Initial antibiotic therapy for lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey. Eur Respir J. 1996, 9: 1590-1595. 10.1183\/09031936.96.09081590.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"781_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.1.205","volume":"35","author":"A Ortqvist","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ortqvist A: Antibiotic treatment of community acquired pneumonia in clinical practice: a European perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995, 35: 205-212. 10.1093\/jac\/35.1.205.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"781_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Editorial: Antimicrobial prescribing in the United States: good news, bad news. Ann Intern Med. 2003, 138: 605-606.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-7-200304010-00020"},{"key":"781_CR8","first-page":"160","volume":"19","author":"C Emmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Emmer C, Besser R: Combating antimicrobial resistance: intervention programs to promote appropriate antibiotic use. Infections in Medicine. 2002, 19: 160-173.","journal-title":"Infections in Medicine"},{"key":"781_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1152","volume":"96","author":"DJ Austin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Austin DJ, Kristinsson KG, Anderson RM: The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 1152-1156. 10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1152.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"781_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432603","volume":"343","author":"CG Whitney","year":"2003","unstructured":"Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, Harrison LH, Lexau C, Reingold A, Cieslak PR, Pilishvili T, Jackson D, Facklam RR, Jorgensen JH, Schuchat A: Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003, 343: 1917-1924. 10.1056\/NEJM200012283432603.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"781_CR11","first-page":"160","volume":"19","author":"C Emmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Emmer C, Besser R: Combating antimicrobial resistance: intervention programs to promote appropriate antibiotic use. Infections in Medicine. 2002, 19: 160-173.","journal-title":"Infections in Medicine"},{"key":"781_CR12","volume-title":"About ACT\/DDD system","author":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Drug Statistics Methodology","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Drug Statistics Methodology: About ACT\/DDD system. 2009, Oslo, Norway: WHO Collaborating Centre on Drug Statistics Methodology, Accessed 14 March 2009, [http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atcddd\/]"},{"key":"781_CR13","first-page":"488","volume":"6","author":"N Antonakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Antonakis N, Xylouri I, Alexandrakis M, Cavoura C, Lionis C: Seeking prescribing patterns in rural Crete: a pharmacoepidemiological study from a primary care area. Rural and Remote Health. 2006, 6: 488-","journal-title":"Rural and Remote Health"},{"key":"781_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1997.9075090.x","volume":"22","author":"L Tzimis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tzimis L, Katsantonis N, Leledaki A, Vasilomanolakis K, Kafatos A: Antibiotics prescription for indigent patients in primary care. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1997, 22: 227-235. 10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1997.9075090.x.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"781_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(96)80009-6","volume":"110","author":"L Tzimis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tzimis L, Katsantonis N, Leledaki A, Vasilomanolakis K, Kafatos A: Prescribed medication and nutrition of social care patients in Crete, Greece. Public Health. 1996, 110: 361-367. 10.1016\/S0033-3506(96)80009-6.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"781_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(00)00370-X","volume":"114","author":"L Tzimis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tzimis L, Kafatos A: Drug utilization and nutrition patterns among children from indigent and emigrant families in Crete, Greece. Public Health. 2000, 114: 393-397. 10.1016\/S0033-3506(00)00370-X.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"781_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050477","volume":"19","author":"G Syrogiannopoulos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Syrogiannopoulos G, Grivea I, Katopodis G, Geslin P, Jacobs M, Beratis N: Carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Greek infants and toddlers. European J Clin Microb Infect Dis. 2000, 19: 288-293. 10.1007\/s100960050477.","journal-title":"European J Clin Microb Infect Dis"},{"key":"781_CR18","unstructured":"By J\u00f8rgen Lauridsen. Assessed June 2010, [http:\/\/statmaster.sdu.dk\/courses\/st118\/module05\/index.html]"},{"key":"781_CR19","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Sampling Techniques","author":"W Cochran","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cochran W: Sampling Techniques. 1977, New York, 205-232. 3","edition":"3"},{"key":"781_CR20","first-page":"58","volume":"10","author":"D Zogas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zogas D, Elefteriou N, Zoga B, Elefteriou K, Liakos M: Antimicrobial agents in primary health care. Use and overuse. Primary Health Care. 1998, 10: 58-67. in Greek","journal-title":"Primary Health Care"},{"key":"781_CR21","unstructured":"Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2010. 2010, [http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/filearchive\/publications\/2010guidelines.pdf]"},{"key":"781_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1007","volume":"15","author":"F Windmeijer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Windmeijer F, de Laat E, Douven R, Mot E: Pharmaceutical promotion and GP prescription behaviour. Health Econ. 2006, 15: 5-18. 10.1002\/hec.1007.","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"781_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(02)00017-4","volume":"48","author":"R Deschepper","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deschepper R, Vander Stichele RH, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM: Cross-cultural differences in lay attitudes and utilisation of antibiotics in a Belgian and a Dutch city. Patient Educ Couns. 2002, 48: 161-9. 10.1016\/S0738-3991(02)00017-4.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"781_CR24","first-page":"1217","volume":"47","author":"JM Hutchinson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hutchinson JM, Jelinski S, Hefferton D, Desaulniers G, Parfrey PS: Role of diagnostic labeling in antibiotic prescription. Can Fam Physician. 2001, 47: 1217-24.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"781_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00394-1","volume":"21","author":"M Cizman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cizman M: The use and resistance to antibiotics in the community. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2003, 21: 297-30. 10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00394-1.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"781_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1181","volume":"286","author":"JA Linder","year":"2001","unstructured":"Linder JA, Stafford RS: Antibiotic treatment of adults with sore throat by community primary care physicians: a national survey, 1989-1999. JAMA. 2001, 286: 1181-1186. 10.1001\/jama.286.10.1181.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"781_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S206","DOI":"10.1086\/321849","volume":"33","author":"DE Low","year":"2001","unstructured":"Low DE: Antimicrobial drug use and resistance among respiratory pathogens in the community. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 33 (Suppl 3): S206-13. 10.1086\/321849.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"781_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010192","volume":"8","author":"S Bronzwaer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bronzwaer S, Cars O, Buchholz U, Molstad S, Goettsch W, Veldhuijzen I, Kool J, Sprenger M, Degener J, EARSS participants: A European Study on the Relationship between Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance. Emerg Inf Dis. 2002, 8 (3): 278-82. 10.3201\/eid0803.010192.","journal-title":"Emerg Inf Dis"},{"key":"781_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c2096","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2096","volume":"340","author":"C Costelloe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay AD: Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010, 340: c2096-10.1136\/bmj.c2096. 18","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"781_CR30","first-page":"44","volume":"17","author":"N Antonakis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Antonakis N, Tsakountakis N, Tsoulou S, Philipaki M, Lionis C: Drug prescribing in Primary Health Care. The antimicrobials. Archives of Hellenic Medicine. 2000, 17: 44-51. in Greek","journal-title":"Archives of Hellenic Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"781_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3109\/02813430903438718","volume":"27","author":"S Gjelstad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gjelstad S, Dalen I, Lindbaek M: GPs' antibiotic prescription patterns for respiratory tract infections--still room for improvement. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2009, 27 (4): 208-15. 10.3109\/02813430903438718.","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"567","key":"781_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X472610","volume":"59","author":"SB Meropol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meropol SB, Chen Z, Metlay JP: Reduced antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in adults and children. Br J Gen Pract. 2009, 59 (567): e321-8. 10.3399\/bjgp09X472610.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"7512","key":"781_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38503.706887.AE1","volume":"331","author":"M Sharland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharland M, Kendall H, Yeates D, Randall A, Hughes G, Glasziou P, Mant D: Antibiotic prescribing in general practice and hospital admissions for peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, and rheumatic fever in children: time trend analysis. BMJ. 2005, 331 (7512): 328-9. 10.1136\/bmj.38503.706887.AE1.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-38.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T12:19:10Z","timestamp":1630498750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-38","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"38"}}