{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:59:18Z","timestamp":1790521158146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T19:13:07Z","timestamp":1319829187000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Serologic evidence of human orthopoxvirus infections in Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"MacNeil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary G","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RR","family":"Lash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Fonnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lansana D","family":"Kanneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willie","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor K","family":"Lungay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine","family":"Goba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina M","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger K","family":"Damon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Karem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G","family":"Bausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1177_CR1","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"B Moss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moss B: Poxviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication. Fields Virology. Edited by: Knipe DM, Howley PM. 2007, Philadelphia, PA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2: 5","edition":"5"},{"issue":"9","key":"1177_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/nm917","volume":"9","author":"E Hammarlund","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hammarlund E, Lewis MW, Hansen SG, Strelow LI, Nelson JA, Sexton GJ, Hanifin JM, Slifka MK: Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination. Nat Med. 2003, 9 (9): 1131-1137. 10.1038\/nm917.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1177_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1971.20.697","volume":"20","author":"DR Hopkins","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hopkins DR, Lane JM, Cummings EC, Thornton JN, Millar JD: Smallpox in Sierra Leone. II. The 1968-69 eradication program. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1971, 20 (5): 697-704.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1177_CR4","unstructured":"Special Report: Human infections with monkeypox virus: Liberia and Sierra Leone. Edited by: Program CfDCSE. 1971, 5: 34-49."},{"issue":"5","key":"1177_CR5","first-page":"569","volume":"46","author":"SO Foster","year":"1972","unstructured":"Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM, Lourie B, Moser CR, Cummings EC, Kuteyi OE, Eke RE, Titus JB, et al.: Human monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 1972, 46 (5): 569-576.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1177_CR6","first-page":"633","volume":"46","author":"B Lourie","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lourie B, Bingham PG, Evans HH, Foster SO, Nakano JH, Herrmann KL: Human infection with monkeypox virus: laboratory investigation of six cases in West Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 1972, 46 (5): 633-639.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR7","first-page":"165","volume":"58","author":"JG Breman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Breman JG, Kalisa R, Steniowski MV, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I: Human monkeypox, 1970-79. Bull World Health Organ. 1980, 58 (2): 165-182.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032299","volume":"350","author":"KD Reed","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reed KD, Melski JW, Graham MB, Regnery RL, Sotir MJ, Wegner MV, Kazmierczak JJ, Stratman EJ, Li Y, Fairley JA, et al.: The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350 (4): 342-350. 10.1056\/NEJMoa032299.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/505880","volume":"194","author":"MG Reynolds","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reynolds MG, Yorita KL, Kuehnert MJ, Davidson WB, Huhn GD, Holman RC, Damon IK: Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection. J Infect Dis. 2006, 194 (6): 773-780. 10.1086\/505880.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1177_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.070175","volume":"13","author":"MG Reynolds","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP, Wegner M, Croft DR, Newman A, Obiesie NN, et al.: Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007, 13 (9): 1332-1339.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1177_CR11","unstructured":"Final Results: 2004 Population and Housing Census. 2006, Freetown, Sierra Leone: Statistics Sierra Leone"},{"key":"1177_CR12","unstructured":"Kenema District Data Pack. Edited by: System SLI. 2004, Freetown, Sierra Leone: Development Assistance Coordination Office, 1-50."},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.11.003","volume":"78","author":"SH Khan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khan SH, Goba A, Chu M, Roth C, Healing T, Marx A, Fair J, Guttieri MC, Ferro P, Imes T, et al.: New opportunities for field research on the pathogenesis and treatment of Lassa fever. Antiviral Res. 2008, 78 (1): 103-115. 10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.11.003.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.7.867-872.2005","volume":"12","author":"KL Karem","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karem KL, Reynolds M, Braden Z, Lou G, Bernard N, Patton J, Damon IK: characterization of acute-phase humoral immunity to monkeypox: use of immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of monkeypox infection during the 2003 North American outbreak. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005, 12 (7): 867-872.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00148-07","volume":"14","author":"KL Karem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karem KL, Reynolds M, Hughes C, Braden Z, Nigam P, Crotty S, Glidewell J, Ahmed R, Amara R, Damon IK: Monkeypox-induced immunity and failure of childhood smallpox vaccination to provide complete protection. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007, 14 (10): 1318-1327. 10.1128\/CVI.00148-07.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000176","volume":"2","author":"RS Levine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levine RS, Peterson AT, Yorita KL, Carroll D, Damon IK, Reynolds MG: Ecological niche and geographic distribution of human monkeypox in Africa. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2 (1): e176-10.1371\/journal.pone.0000176.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"37","key":"1177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005769107","volume":"107","author":"AW Rimoin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rimoin AW, Mulembakani PM, Johnston SC, Lloyd Smith JO, Kisalu NK, Kinkela TL, Blumberg S, Thomassen HA, Pike BL, Fair JN, et al.: Major increase in human monkeypox incidence 30 years after smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107 (37): 16262-16267. 10.1073\/pnas.1005769107.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.503","volume":"80","author":"A MacNeil","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacNeil A, Reynolds MG, Carroll DS, Karem K, Braden Z, Lash R, Moundeli A, Mombouli JV, Jumaan AO, Schmid DS, et al.: Monkeypox or varicella? Lessons from a rash outbreak investigation in the Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009, 80 (4): 503-507.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"1177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1086\/498115","volume":"41","author":"GD Huhn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huhn GD, Bauer AM, Yorita K, Graham MB, Sejvar J, Likos A, Damon IK, Reynolds MG, Kuehnert MJ: Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2005, 41 (12): 1742-1751. 10.1086\/498115.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.2.293","volume":"156","author":"Z Jezek","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jezek Z, Szczeniowski M, Paluku KM, Mutombo M: Human monkeypox: clinical features of 282 patients. J Infect Dis. 1987, 156 (2): 293-298. 10.1093\/infdis\/156.2.293.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR21","first-page":"459","volume":"66","author":"Z Jezek","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jezek Z, Grab B, Szczeniowski M, Paluku KM, Mutombo M: Clinico-epidemiological features of monkeypox patients with an animal or human source of infection. Bull World Health Organ. 1988, 66 (4): 459-464.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1177_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds MG, Carroll DS, Olson VA, Hughes C, Galley J, Likos A, Montgomery JM, Suu-Ire R, Kwasi MO, Jeffrey Root J: A silent enzootic of an orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: evidence for multi-species involvement in the absence of widespread human disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 82 (4): 746-754.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0716"},{"issue":"6","key":"1177_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.1150","volume":"77","author":"ER Lederman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lederman ER, Reynolds MG, Karem K, Braden Z, Learned-Orozco LA, Wassa-Wassa D, Moundeli O, Hughes C, Harvey J, Regnery R, et al.: Prevalence of Antibodies against Orthopoxviruses among Residents of Likouala Region, Republic of Congo: Evidence for Monkeypox Virus Exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007, 77 (6): 1150-1156.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0675-3","volume":"155","author":"BE Mota","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mota BE, Trindade GS, Diniz TC, da Silva-Nunes M, Braga EM, Urbano-Ferreira M, Rodrigues GO, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PC, Kroon EG: Seroprevalence of orthopoxvirus in an Amazonian rural village, Acre, Brazil. Arch Virol. 2010, 155 (7): 1139-1144. 10.1007\/s00705-010-0675-3.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(200010)62:2<293::AID-JMV23>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"62","author":"R Kannangai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kannangai R, Finny GJ, John TJ, Sridharan G, Gopal R: Vaccinia reactive antibodies in a south Indian population. J Med Virol. 2000, 62 (2): 293-297. 10.1002\/1096-9071(200010)62:2<293::AID-JMV23>3.0.CO;2-V.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1177_CR26","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"IK Damon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Damon IK: Poxviruses. Fields Virology. Edited by: Knipe DM, Howley PM. 2007, Philadelphia, PA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2: 5","edition":"5"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-465.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-465\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-465.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T18:07:09Z","timestamp":1593194829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-4-465","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"article-number":"465"}}