{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:44:18Z","timestamp":1778964258969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection has been associated with many micronutrient deficiencies. There is a dearth of data from communities with nutritional deficiencies and high prevalence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection on serum levels of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, folate and homocysteine in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One hundred and thirty-two patients with FD undergoing gastroscopy were enrolled. The serum was analyzed for B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, folate and homocysteine levels before gastroscopy. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was diagnosed by histopathological examination of gastric biopsies and urea breath test. An independent sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test and the Mann\u2013Whitney test were used to compare mean serum concentrations of biomarkers between <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> positive and <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> negative groups of patients. A Chi-square test was performed to assess the differences among proportions, while Spearman\u2019s rho was used for correlation analysis between levels of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and homocysteine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean age of the group was 40.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5 (19\u201372) years. Folate deficiency was seen in 43 (34.6%), B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in 30 (23.1%) and hyperhomocysteinemia in 60 (46.2%) patients. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> was present in 80 (61.5%) patients with FD while it was absent in 50 (38.5%). Mean serum levels of B<jats:sub>12,<\/jats:sub> folate and homocysteine in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> positive group of patients were not significantly different from the levels in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> negative group (357\u2009\u00b1\u2009170 vs. 313\u2009\u00b1\u2009136\u2009pg\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.13), (4.35\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89 vs. 4.42\u2009\u00b1\u20091.93\u2009ng\/mL; p\u2009=\u20090.84); (15.88\u2009\u00b1\u20098.97 vs. 16.62\u2009\u00b1\u20097.82\u2009\u03bcmol\/L; p\u2009=\u20090.24); respectively.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency (\u2264200\u2009pg\/mL) was 23.8% in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> positive patients versus 22.0% in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> negative patients. Folate deficiency (\u22643.5\u2009ng\/mL) was 33.8% in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> positive group versus 36% in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> negative group. Hyperhomocysteinemia (&gt;15\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) was present in 46.2% of <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> positive patients compared to 44% in the <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic> negative group. Correlation analysis indicated that serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels were inversely associated with serum levels of homocysteine in patients with FD (rho\u2009=\u2009\u22120.192; p\u2009=\u20090.028).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum levels of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and homocysteine in patients with FD. Moreover, no impact of the presence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> was found on B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, folate and homocysteine levels in such patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,30]],"date-time":"2012-04-30T10:19:33Z","timestamp":1335781173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Relationship between vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels and H. 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