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This study was carried out to investigate the association of several cytokine gene polymorphisms with disease outcome in HCV-infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection were included in a cross-sectional study. A comparative analysis was performed between the groups regarding frequency distribution of the following cytokines\u2019 gene polymorphisms: IL-10 (\u22121082 A\/G; -819\u2009T\/C; -592 A\/C), IL-4 (+33C\/T), IFN-\u03b3 (+874\u2009T\/A), TNF-\u03b1 (\u2212238\u2009G\/A and \u2212308\u2009G\/A) and IL-28B (rs12979860 C\/T and rs8099917 T\/G). Results: Eighteen patients with spontaneous viral clearance and 161 with chronic HCV infection were included. In the comparative analysis, the GG genotype of the IL-10 polymorphism -1082A\/G was more frequent in patients with spontaneous viral clearance when compared to patients with chronic HCV (41.2% vs 6.2%; p = 0.001). This association was also found for the CC genotype of the IL-4 polymorphism +33C\/T (72.2% vs 36.7%; p = 0.017) and the CC and TT genotypes of the IL-28B polymorphisms rs 12979860 and rs 8099917 (88.9% vs 30.3%; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and 88.9% vs 49.6%; p = 0.002). The IL10 (A-1082\u2009G) and IL-28B (Crs12979860T) gene polymorphisms showed odds ratios of 12.848 and 11.077, respectively, and thus may have a greater influence on HCV spontaneous viral clearance. The IFN-\u03b3 (+874\u2009T\/A), TNF-\u03b1 (\u2212238\u2009G\/A and \u2212308\u2009G\/A) polymorphisms did not show significant association with spontaneous viral clearance or chronicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The G allele for IL-10 (\u22121082 A\/G), the C allele for IL-4 (+3 C\/T) and the C and T alleles for IL-28B (rs12979860 and rs8099917, respectively) are associated with spontaneous viral clearance in hepatitis C infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,17]],"date-time":"2012-09-17T18:20:35Z","timestamp":1347906035000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association of IL-10, IL-4, and IL-28B gene polymorphisms with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in a population from Rio de Janeiro"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Juliene Antonio","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosane","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Lucia Ara\u00fajo","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Hernan","family":"Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tur\u00e1n P\u00e9ter","family":"\u00dcrm\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Alves","family":"Villella-Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Lewis-Ximenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Rondinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"1813_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360706","volume":"36","author":"LB Seeff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seeff LB: Natural history of chronic hepatitis C. 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