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Using the bovine filarial nematode<jats:italic>O. ochengi<\/jats:italic>(found naturally in African cattle), the macrofilaricidal efficacy of the modified flubendazole, UMF-078, was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Groups of 3 cows were treated with one of the following regimens: (a) a single dose of UMF-078 at 150 mg\/kg intramuscularly (im), (b) 50 mg\/kg im, (c) 150 mg\/kg intraabomasally (ia), (d) 50 mg\/kg ia, or (e) not treated (controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After treatment at 150 mg\/kg im, nodule diameter, worm motility and worm viability (as measured by metabolic reduction of tetrazolium to formazan) declined significantly compared with pre-treatment values and concurrent controls. There was abrogation of embryogenesis and death of all adult worms by 24 weeks post-treatment (pt). Animals treated at 50 mg\/kg im showed a decline in nodule diameter together with abrogated reproduction, reduced motility, and lower metabolic activity in isolated worms, culminating in approximately 50% worm mortality by 52 weeks pt. Worms removed from animals treated ia were not killed, but exhibited a temporary embryotoxic effect which had waned by 12 weeks pt in the 50 mg\/kg ia group and by 24 weeks pt in the 150 mg\/kg ia group. These differences could be explained by the different absorption rates and elimination half-lives for each dose and route of administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although we did not observe any signs of mammalian toxicity in this trial with a single dose, other studies have raised concerns regarding neuro- and genotoxicity. Consequently, further evaluation of this compound has been suspended. Nonetheless, these results validate the molecular target of the benzimidazoles as a promising lead for rational design of macrofilaricidal drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,20]],"date-time":"2008-06-20T18:12:12Z","timestamp":1213985532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["UMF-078: A modified flubendazole with potent macrofilaricidal activity against Onchocerca ochengi in African cattle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Barend M","family":"deC Bronsvoort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L","family":"Makepeace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent N","family":"Tanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ekale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J","family":"Trees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","volume-title":"African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control [APOC]: 6\u20139 December 2005; Paris, France","author":"Anon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anon: Final communiqu\u00e9 of the 11th session of the Joint Action Forum (JAF) of APOC. 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