{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T21:32:20Z","timestamp":1768771940856,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human amoebiasis is caused by the parasitic protozoan<jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>that lives in the large intestine of hosts, where can produce asymptomatic colonization until severe invasive infections with blood diarrhea and spreading to other organs. The amoebic abscesses in liver are the most frequent form of amoebiasis outside intestine and still there are doubts about the pathogenic mechanisms involved in their formation. In this study we evaluated the<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>binding of antibodies, C3 and C9 complement components on trophozoites, in livers of hamsters infected with<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>. These parameters were correlated with the extension of the hepatic lesions observed in these animals and with trophozoites survivor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hamsters were inoculated intra-hepatically with 100,000 trophozoites of<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>strain and necropsied 12, 24, 48, 72, 144 and 192 h after inoculation. Antibodies, C3 and C9 binding to trophozoites were detected by immunohistochemistry. The estimation of the necrosis area and the number of labeled trophozoites was performed using digital morphometry analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the liver sections of animals inoculated with the amoebas, the binding of antibodies to<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>trophozoites was significantly lower than to<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>trophozoites. Trophozoites of<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>were also more frequently vacuolated and high labeled cellular debris observed in the lesions. Positive diffuse reaction to C3 complement component was more intense in livers of animals inoculated with<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>after 24 and 72 h of infection. C3<jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>and C9<jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>trophozoites were detected in the vascular lumen, granulomas and inside and in the border of necrotic areas of both infected group animals. C3<jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>and C9<jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>trophozoite debris immunostaining was higher in livers of<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>than in livers of<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>. A positive correlation between necrotic areas and number of C9<jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>trophozoites was observed in animals inoculated with<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morphological and immunohistochemical results suggest that antibodies and complement are able to bind and destroy some trophozoites in the liver of experimentally infected hamsters, perhaps selecting the more resistant parasites which are responsible by progression of amoebic abscesses. The findings indicate that<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>possesses an enhanced ability<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>to evade the immune responses compared to<jats:italic>E. dispar<\/jats:italic>, although it also causes experimental hepatic lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T07:13:46Z","timestamp":1269587626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar trophozoites in the liver of hamsters: in vivo binding of antibodies and complement"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"C\u00e1ssia AX","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro C","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anderson J","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo V","family":"Caliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"151_CR1","first-page":"81","volume":"117","author":"V Tsutsumi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tsutsumi V, Mena-Lopez R, Anaya-Velazquez F, Martinez-Palomo A: Cellular basis of experimental amebic liver abscess formation. Am J Pathol. 1984, 117: 81-91.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90011-L","volume":"59","author":"M Leippe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leippe M, Bahr E, Tannich E, Horstmann RD: Comparison of pore forming peptides from pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1993, 59: 101-110. 10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90011-L.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.196-206.2000","volume":"13","author":"X Que","year":"2000","unstructured":"Que X, Reed SL: Cysteine proteinases and the pathogenesis of amebiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000, 13: 196-206. 10.1128\/CMR.13.2.196-206.2000.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4496","volume":"169","author":"ER Houpt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Houpt ER, Glembocki DJ, Obrig TG, Moskaluk CA, Wright RL, Seaner RM, Keepers TR, Petri WA: The mouse model of amebic colitis reveals mouse strain susceptibility to infection and exacerbation of disease by CD4+ T cells. J Immunol. 2002, 169: 4496-4503.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2003.10.005","volume":"53","author":"J Pacheco","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pacheco J, Shibayama M, Campos R, Beck DL, Houpt E, Petri WA, Tsutsumi V: In vitro and in vivo interaction of Entamoeba histolytica Gal\/GalNAc lectin with various target cells: an immunocytochemical analysis. Parasitol Int. 2004, 53: 35-47. 10.1016\/j.parint.2003.10.005.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04926.x","volume":"40","author":"LS Diamond","year":"1993","unstructured":"Diamond LS, Clark CG: A redescription of Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 (Emended Walker, 1911) separating it from Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925. J Euk. 1993, 40: 340-344. 10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04926.x.","journal-title":"J Euk"},{"key":"151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2007144329","volume":"14","author":"CAX Costa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Costa CAX, Brito KNO, Gomes MA, Caliari MV: Morphometric study of the hepatic lesions experimentally induced in hamsters by Entamoeba dispar and E. histolytica. Parasite. 2007, 14: 329-334.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"151_CR8","first-page":"22","volume":"94","author":"C Furst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Furst C, Gomes MA, Tafuri WL, Silva EF: Biological aspects of a brazilian strain of Entamoeba dispar. Pathologica. 2002, 94: 22-27.","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00213-7","volume":"31","author":"MA Gomes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gomes MA, Melo MN, Macedo AM, Pena GPM, Caliari MV, Silva EF: Characterization of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar by biological, and Molecular Parameters. Arch Med Res. 2000, 31: S249-S250. 10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00213-7.","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"151_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00743.x","volume":"27","author":"R Campos-Rodriguez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Campos-Rodriguez R, Jarillo-Luna A: The pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is related to the capacity of evading innate immunity. Parasite Immunol. 2005, 27: 1-8. 10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00743.x.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3208-3215.2002","volume":"70","author":"MC Rigothier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rigothier MC, Khun H, Tavares P, Cardona A, Huerre M, Guill\u00e9n N: Fate of Entamoeba histolytica during establishment of amoebic liver abscess analyzed by quantitative radioimaging and histology. Infec Immun. 2002, 70: 3208-3215. 10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3208-3215.2002.","journal-title":"Infec Immun"},{"key":"151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00955.x","volume":"29","author":"JC Carrero","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carrero JC, Cervantes-Rebolledo C, Aguilar-D\u00edaz H, D\u00edaz-Gallardo MY, Laclette JP, Morales-Montor J: The role of the secretory immune response in the infection by Entamoeba histolytica. Parasite Immunol. 2007, 29: 331-338. 10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00955.x.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.1.189","volume":"143","author":"SL Reed","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reed SL, Keene WE, McKerrow JH, Gigli I: Cleavage of C3 by a neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica. J Immunol. 1989, 143: 189-195.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004886","volume":"119","author":"MA Gomes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gomes MA, Pesquero JB, Furst C, Valle PR, Pesquero JL, Silva EF: An improved method to distinguish Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. Parasitology. 1999, 119: 359-362. 10.1017\/S0031182099004886.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651996000600004","volume":"38","author":"AM Martinez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Martinez AM, Gomes MA, Viana JC, Romanha AJ, Silva EF: Isoenzyme profile as parameter to differentiate pathogenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo. 1996, 38: 407-412.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388388","volume":"26","author":"P Chieco","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chieco P, Jonker A, Melchiorri C, Vanni G, Van Noorden CJ: A user's guide for avoiding errors in absorbance image cytometry: a review with original experimental observations. Histochem J. 1994, 26: 1-19.","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.06.021","volume":"44","author":"SS Bohlson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bohlson SS, Fraser DA, Tenner AJ: Complement proteins C1q and MBL are pattern recognition molecules that signal immediate and long-term protective immune functions. Mol Immunol. 2007, 44: 33-43. 10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.06.021.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008537","volume":"86","author":"R Campos-Rodriguez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Campos-Rodriguez R, Jarillo-Luna A, Ventura-Jurez J, Shibayama M, Pacheco-Y\u00e9pez J, Serrano-Luna J, Tsutsumi V: Interaction of antibodies with Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites from experimental amebic liver abscess: an immunocytochemical study. Parasitol Res. 2000, 86: 603-607. 10.1007\/PL00008537.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(97)00032-9","volume":"46","author":"JM Dodson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dodson JM, Clark CG, Lockhart LA, Leo BL, Schroeder JW, Mann BJ: Comparison of adherent, citotoxicity, and Gal\/GalNac Lectin gene structure in Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. Parasitol Int. 1997, 46: 225-235. 10.1016\/S1383-5769(97)00032-9.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-208.x","volume":"19","author":"B Walderich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Walderich B, Weber A, Knobloch J: Sensivity of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar patient isolates to human complement. Parasite Immunol. 1997, 19: 265-271. 10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-208.x.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-23.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T07:31:46Z","timestamp":1685518306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"23"}}