{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:54:25Z","timestamp":1762865665567},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although ivermectin is distributed free of charge through the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), not all eligible individuals within communities receive the annual treatment. This poses a serious threat to efforts aimed to control onchocerciasis. This study attempts to determine factors associated with compliance to Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) and provides a basis for trying to understand how best to sustain long-term compliance in order to achieve success in the control of onchocerciasis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An unmatched case-control study was conducted in Bebeka coffee plantation southwest Ethiopia. Cases were, compliant i.e., those individuals who had been registered on the relevant treatment registers and had taken all the five annual doses of Ivermectin. Controls were non-compliant, i.e. those individuals who had been recorded in the relevant treatment registers during the first treatment round(2003), and did not take at least two doses of which one being in the last treatment round (2007). Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Data were edited, cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS version 12.0.1 for Microsoft Windows. Multiple logistic regression models was used to identify factors associated with compliance to ivermectin.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From the total of 456 individuals selected for administration of the survey questionnaire, 450(225 cases and 225 controls) were contacted and completed the study 2 refused and 4 were unavailable. Five factors associated with compliance were identified: high risk perception [Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR) = 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.32-2.95], one's family support [AOR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.22-2.84], perceiving that the Community Drug Distributors (CDDs) are doing their work well [AOR = 2.84, 95% CI, 1.50-5.37] and perceiving measuring height is the best way to determine a person's treatment dose [AOR = 6.37, 95% CI, 2.10-19.29] are positive predictors of compliance to ivermectin.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Interventions to improve compliance in the area should focus on health education using epidemiological data in order to increase risk perception and dispelling misconceptions. Motivation and continued support to improve CDD's performance including training and incentives are crucial.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T18:14:42Z","timestamp":1275502482000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Factors associated with compliance with community directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Southwestern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Yirga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kebede","family":"Deribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kifle","family":"Woldemichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mekite","family":"Wondafrash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wondosen","family":"Kassahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-2","volume":"2","author":"Y Dadzie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dadzie Y, Neira M, Hopkins D: Final report of the Conference on the eradicability of Onchocerciasis. Filaria J. 2003, 2: 2-10.1186\/1475-2883-2-2.","journal-title":"Filaria J"},{"issue":"9","key":"176_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030371","volume":"3","author":"MG Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez MG, Pion SD, Churcher TS, Breitling LP, Little MP, Boussinesq M: River blindness: a success story under threat?. PLoS Med. 2006, 3 (9): e371-10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030371.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"176_CR3","volume-title":"Onchocerciasis control program","author":"WHO","year":"2007","unstructured":"WHO: Onchocerciasis control program. 2007, Geneva, Accessed March 14, 2010, [http:\/\/www.who.int\/countries\/eth\/areas\/cds\/onchocerciasis\/en\/]"},{"key":"176_CR4","unstructured":"Carter Center: Controlling River Blindness. Accessed March 14, 2010, [http:\/\/www.cartercenter.org\/countries\/ethiopia.html]"},{"key":"176_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasheed MU: Onchocerciasis in Different Regions of Ethiopia. The Int J of Par Dis. 2007, 1 (2):","DOI":"10.5580\/156"},{"key":"176_CR6","volume-title":"Implementation and sustainability of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin: Report of a Multi-Country Study","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Implementation and sustainability of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin: Report of a Multi-Country Study. 2000, Geneva: World Health Organization. TDR\/IDE\/RP\/CDTI\/00.1"},{"key":"176_CR7","volume-title":"(TDR\/AFR\/RP\/96.1) UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Program for research and Training in Tropical Diseases","author":"UNDP\/WorldBank\/WHO","year":"1996","unstructured":"UNDP\/WorldBank\/WHO: Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin, Report of a Multi-Country Study. (TDR\/AFR\/RP\/96.1) UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Program for research and Training in Tropical Diseases. 1996, Geneva"},{"key":"176_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01192.x","volume":"9","author":"JH Remme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Remme JH: Research for control: the onchocerciasis experience. Trop Med Int Health. 2004, 9: 243-254. 10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01192.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"176_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000664","volume":"96","author":"UV Amazigo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Amazigo UV, Obono M, Dadzie KY, Remme JHF, Jiya J, Ndyomugyenyi R, Roungou JB, Noma M, Seketeli A: Monitoring community-directed treatment programmes for sustainability: lessons from the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002, 96 (Supplement 1): S75-92. 10.1179\/000349802125000664.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"4977","key":"176_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2218502","volume":"250","author":"HR Taylor","year":"1990","unstructured":"Taylor HR, Pacqu\u00e9 M, Mu\u00f1oz B, Greene BM: Impact of mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin on the transmission of infection. Science. 1990, 250 (4977): 116-8. 10.1126\/science.2218502.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"176_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Tesfaye Bulto","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bulto Tesfaye, Workineh Wondimu, Taticheff Seyoum, Kebede Amha, Tilahun Degene: Mass treatment of Onchocerchiasis with Ivermectin at Bebeka Coffee Plantation in Ethiopia: Operational aspects for drug distribution and adverse reaction observed. Eth J Health Dev. 1990, 4 (1): 1-5.","journal-title":"Eth J Health Dev"},{"key":"176_CR12","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Onchocerciasis control in Uganda","author":"R Ndyomugyenyi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ndyomugyenyi R: Onchocerciasis control in Uganda. 1998, World Health Forum, 19: 192-195."},{"key":"176_CR13","volume-title":"Onchocerciasis and its control. Report of a WHO expert committee on Onchocerciasis control","author":"WHO","year":"1995","unstructured":"WHO: Onchocerciasis and its control. Report of a WHO expert committee on Onchocerciasis control. 1995, Geneva: WHO, Technical Report Series no.852"},{"key":"176_CR14","volume-title":"Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 3-5","author":"TDR","year":"2001","unstructured":"TDR: Summary Report of the OCP\/TDR meeting on the impact of ivermectin on onchocerciasis transmission. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 3-5. 2001, Accessed March 14, 2010, [http:\/\/www.who.int\/tdrold\/publications\/publications\/pdf\/oncho-transmission.pdf]October"},{"key":"176_CR15","first-page":"367","volume":"40","author":"J Remme","year":"1989","unstructured":"Remme J, Baker RH, De Sole G, Dadzie KY, Walsh JF, Adams MA, Alley ES, Avissey HS: A community trial of ivermectin in the onchocerciasis focus of Asubende, Ghana I: Effect on the microfilarial reservoir and the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. Trop Med Parasitol. 1989, 40: 367-374.","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"176_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01436.x","volume":"10","author":"F Nuwaha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nuwaha F, Okware J, Ndyomugyenyi R: Predictors of compliance with community-directed ivermectin treatment in Uganda: quantitative results. Trop Med Int Health. 2005, 10: 659-667. 10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01436.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"176_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00826.x","volume":"7","author":"WR Brieger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brieger WR, Otusanya SA, Oke GA, Oshiname FO, Adeniyi JD: Factors associated with coverage in community-directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Oyo State, Nigeria. Trop Med Int Health. 2002, 7: 11-18. 10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00826.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"176_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v83i6.9440","volume":"83","author":"TL Lakwo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lakwo TL, Gasarasi DB: Non-adherence to community directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Rungwe district, southwest Tanzania. East Afr Med J. 2006, 83 (6): 326-32.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"176_CR19","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Compliance in Health Care","author":"MH Becker","year":"1979","unstructured":"Becker MH, Maiman LA, Kirscht JP, Haefner DP, Drachman RH, Taylor DW: Patient perceptions and compliance: Recent studies of the Health Belief Model. Compliance in Health Care. Edited by: Haynes RB, Taylor DW, Sackett DL. 1979, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 78-109."},{"issue":"2","key":"176_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3928\/0279-3695-19970201-20","volume":"35","author":"LE Rose","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rose LE: Caring for caregivers: Perceptions of social support. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 1997, 35 (2): 17-24.","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"key":"176_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1300\/J010v23n04_05","volume":"23","author":"KL Sandstrom","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sandstrom KL: Searching for information, understanding, and self-value: The utilization of peer support groups by gay men with HIV\/AIDS. Soc Work Health Care. 1996, 23: 51-74. 10.1300\/J010v23n04_05.","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"key":"176_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945903256705","volume":"25","author":"L Simich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simich L, Beiser M, Mawani FN: Social support and the significance of shared experience in refugee migration and resettlement. West J Nurs Res. 2003, 25: 872-891. 10.1177\/0193945903256705.","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"key":"176_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02112-2","volume":"17","author":"F Richard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Richard F, Boatin B, Saurebrey M, Seketeli A: Control of onchocerciasis today: status and challenges. Trends Parasitol. 2001, 17: 558-563. 10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02112-2.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-48.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T04:59:37Z","timestamp":1630472377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-48"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-48","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"48"}}