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Two real-time PCR assays followed by nested PCR and sequence analysis were carried out to investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> and spotted fever rickettsiae in ticks from seven areas in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In 139 pooled samples, representing a total of 1245 <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic> ticks (204 larvae, 963 nymphs, 38 males, 40 females), the overall positive mean infection prevalence was 1.3-15.0% for <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> and 1.5-17.3% for <jats:italic>R. helvetica. A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> was only detected in nymphs (1.7-19.4%), whereas <jats:italic>R. helvetica<\/jats:italic> was detected in all three tick stages. Support for vertical and transstadial transmission was only obtained for <jats:italic>R. helvetica<\/jats:italic>. Both agents showed similar infection rates across study areas, although infection rates were greater in coastal areas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results show that both pathogens occurred in all seven locations, indicating that they are prevalent in Sweden and should be considered etiological agents in patients recently bitten by ticks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]],"date-time":"2010-08-04T23:20:38Z","timestamp":1280964038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Detection and prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia helvetica in Ixodes ricinus ticks in seven study areas in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kristofer","family":"Severinsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G","family":"Jaenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"194_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/31.2.240","volume":"31","author":"TGT Jaenson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jaenson TGT, T\u00e4lleklint L, Lundqvist L, Olsen B, Chirico J, Mejlon H: Geographical distribution, host associations, and vector roles of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden. 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