{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:56:17Z","timestamp":1780394177951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and no effective vaccine exists. The use of live attenuated vaccines is emerging as a promising vaccination strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we tested the ability of a<jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>deletion mutant, lacking both<jats:italic>HSP70-II<\/jats:italic>alleles (\u0394HSP70-II), to provide protection against<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>infection in the<jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>-BALB\/c infection model. Administration of the mutant line by either intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous route invariably leads to the production of high levels of NO and the development in mice of type 1 immune responses, as determined by analysis of anti-<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>IgG subclasses. In addition, we have shown that \u0394HSP70-II would be a safe live vaccine as immunodeficient SCID mice, and hamsters (<jats:italic>Mesocricetus auratus<\/jats:italic>), infected with mutant parasites did not develop any sign of pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that the \u0394HSP70-II mutant is a promising and safe vaccine, but further studies in more appropriate animal models (hamsters and dogs) are needed to appraise whether this attenuate mutant would be useful as vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,30]],"date-time":"2011-08-30T18:24:29Z","timestamp":1314728669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Leishmania infantum HSP70-II null mutant as candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis: a preliminary evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Folgueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fresno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Requena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9496","key":"401_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","volume":"366","author":"HW Murray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, Saravia NG: Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet. 2005, 366 (9496): 1561-1577. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"401_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.1.1","volume":"22","author":"RD Pearson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pearson RD, de Queiroz Sousa A: Clinical spectrum of Leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996, 22 (1): 1-13. 10.1093\/clinids\/22.1.1.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"401_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","volume":"27","author":"P Desjeux","year":"2004","unstructured":"Desjeux P: Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004, 27 (5): 305-318. 10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004.","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"401_CR4","first-page":"357","volume":"123","author":"I Cruz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cruz I, Nieto J, Moreno J, Ca\u00f1avate C, Desjeux P, Alvar J: Leishmania\/HIV co-infections in the second decade. Indian J Med Res. 2006, 123 (3): 357-388.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"401_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","volume":"5","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, Alvar J, Boelaert M: Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007, 5 (11): 873-882.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"401_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026047429604","volume":"253","author":"M Ghosh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ghosh M, Bandyopadhyay S: Present status of antileishmanial vaccines. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003, 253 (1-2): 199-205.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"401_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.4.9.1505","volume":"4","author":"JM Requena","year":"2004","unstructured":"Requena JM, Iborra S, Carrion J, Alonso C, Soto M: Recent advances in vaccines for leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2004, 4 (9): 1505-1517. 10.1517\/14712598.4.9.1505.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"401_CR8","first-page":"423","volume":"123","author":"A Khamesipour","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khamesipour A, Rafati S, Davoudi N, Maboudi F, Modabber F: Leishmaniasis vaccine candidates for development: a global overview. Indian J Med Res. 2006, 123 (3): 423-438.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"401_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001831","volume":"133","author":"L Kedzierski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kedzierski L, Zhu Y, Handman E: Leishmania vaccines: progress and problems. Parasitology. 2006, 133 (Suppl): S87-112.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"14","key":"401_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.01.023","volume":"26","author":"CB Palatnik-de-Sousa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palatnik-de-Sousa CB: Vaccines for leishmaniasis in the fore coming 25 years. Vaccine. 2008, 26 (14): 1709-1724. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.01.023.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"401_CR11","first-page":"73","volume":"2","author":"N Dunning","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dunning N: Leishmania vaccines: from leishmanization to the era of DNA technology. BioscienceHorizons. 2009, 2 (1): 73-82.","journal-title":"BioscienceHorizons"},{"issue":"2","key":"401_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-008-8016-2","volume":"41","author":"I Okwor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Okwor I, Uzonna J: Persistent parasites and immunologic memory in cutaneous leishmaniasis: implications for vaccine designs and vaccination strategies. Immunol Res. 2008, 41 (2): 123-136. 10.1007\/s12026-008-8016-2.","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"28","key":"401_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.02.015","volume":"23","author":"A Khamesipour","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khamesipour A, Dowlati Y, Asilian A, Hashemi-Fesharki R, Javadi A, Noazin S, Modabber F: Leishmanization: use of an old method for evaluation of candidate vaccines against leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2005, 23 (28): 3642-3648. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.02.015.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"52","key":"401_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.085","volume":"26","author":"S Noazin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noazin S, Modabber F, Khamesipour A, Smith PG, Moulton LH, Nasseri K, Sharifi I, Khalil EA, Velez-Bernal ID, Antunes CMF: First generation leishmaniasis vaccines: a review of field efficacy trials. Vaccine. 2008, 26 (52): 6759-6767. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.085.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"19","key":"401_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.01.133","volume":"27","author":"I Okwor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okwor I, Liu D, Uzonna J: Qualitative differences in the early immune response to live and killed Leishmania major: Implications for vaccination strategies against Leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2009, 27 (19): 2554-2562. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.01.133.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6915","key":"401_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","volume":"420","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2002","unstructured":"Belkaid Y, Piccirillo CA, Mendez S, Shevach EM, Sacks DL: CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity. Nature. 2002, 420 (6915): 502-507. 10.1038\/nature01152.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"401_CR17","first-page":"455","volume":"123","author":"A Selvapandiyan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selvapandiyan A, Duncan R, Debrabant A, Lee N, Sreenivas G, Salotra P, Nakhasi HL: Genetically modified live attenuated parasites as vaccines for leishmaniasis. Indian J Med Res. 2006, 123 (3): 455-466.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"401_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-008-0010-9","volume":"56","author":"R Silvestre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silvestre R, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Ouaissi A: Live attenuated Leishmania vaccines: a potential strategic alternative. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2008, 56 (2): 123-126. 10.1007\/s00005-008-0010-9.","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"issue":"1","key":"401_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg980","volume":"4","author":"SM Beverley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beverley SM: Protozomics: trypanosomatid parasite genetics comes of age. Nat Rev Genet. 2003, 4 (1): 11-19.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"22","key":"401_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10267","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10267","volume":"92","author":"RG Titus","year":"1995","unstructured":"Titus RG, Gueiros-Filho FJ, de Freitas LA, Beverley SM: Development of a safe live Leishmania vaccine line by gene replacement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995, 92 (22): 10267-10271. 10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10267.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"401_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1921","volume":"166","author":"JA Streit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Streit JA, Recker TJ, Filho FG, Beverley SM, Wilson ME: Protective immunity against the protozoan Leishmania chagasi is induced by subclinical cutaneous infection with virulent but not avirulent organisms. J Immunol. 2001, 166 (3): 1921-1929.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"401_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.62-68.2002","volume":"70","author":"B Papadopoulou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Papadopoulou B, Roy G, Breton M, Kundig C, Dumas C, Fillion I, Singh AK, Olivier M, Ouellette M: Reduced infectivity of a Leishmania donovani biopterin transporter genetic mutant and its use as an attenuated strain for vaccination. Infect Immun. 2002, 70 (1): 62-68. 10.1128\/IAI.70.1.62-68.2002.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5637","key":"401_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087499","volume":"301","author":"GF Spath","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spath GF, Lye L-F, Segawa H, Sacks DL, Turco SJ, Beverley SM: Persistence without pathology in phosphoglycan-deficient Leishmania major. Science. 2003, 301 (5637): 1241-1243. 10.1126\/science.1087499.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"401_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3793","volume":"172","author":"JE Uzonna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uzonna JE, Spath GF, Beverley SM, Scott P: Vaccination with phosphoglycan-deficient Leishmania major protects highly susceptible mice from virulent challenge without inducing a strong Th1 response. J Immunol. 2004, 172 (6): 3793-3797.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"401_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3622-3627.2004","volume":"72","author":"GF Spath","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spath GF, Lye LF, Segawa H, Turco SJ, Beverley SM: Identification of a compensatory mutant (lpg2-REV) of Leishmania major able to survive as amastigotes within macrophages without LPG2-dependent glycoconjugates and its significance to virulence and immunization strategies. Infect Immun. 2004, 72 (6): 3622-3627. 10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3622-3627.2004.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"401_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4988","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008030200","volume":"276","author":"T Ilg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ilg T, Demar M, Harbecke D: Phosphoglycan repeat-deficient Leishmania mexicana parasites remain infectious to macrophages and mice. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276 (7): 4988-4997. 10.1074\/jbc.M008030200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"401_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.12.6794","volume":"161","author":"J Alexander","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alexander J, Coombs GH, Mottram JC: Leishmania mexicana cysteine proteinase-deficient mutants have attenuated virulence for mice and potentiate a Th1 response. J Immunol. 1998, 161 (12): 6794-6801.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"19","key":"401_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.05.045","volume":"24","author":"NG Saravia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saravia NG, Escorcia B, Osorio Y, Valderrama L, Brooks D, Arteaga L, Coombs G, Mottram J, Travi BL: Pathogenicity and protective immunogenicity of cysteine proteinase-deficient mutants of Leishmania mexicana in non-murine models. Vaccine. 2006, 24 (19): 4247-4259. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.05.045.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8","key":"401_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.03.008","volume":"35","author":"J Stewart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stewart J, Curtis J, Spurck TP, Ilg T, Garami A, Baldwin T, Courret N, McFadden GI, Davis A, Handman E: Characterisation of a Leishmania mexicana knockout lacking guanosine diphosphate-mannose pyrophosphorylase. Int J Parasitol. 2005, 35 (8): 861-873. 10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.03.008.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"401_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3161","volume":"179","author":"R Silvestre","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silvestre R, Cordeiro-Da-Silva A, Santarem N, Vergnes B, Sereno D, Ouaissi A: SIR2-deficient Leishmania infantum induces a defined IFN-gamma\/IL-10 pattern that correlates with protection. J Immunol. 2007, 179 (5): 3161-3170.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"401_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900276","volume":"183","author":"A Selvapandiyan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Selvapandiyan A, Dey R, Nylen S, Duncan R, Sacks D, Nakhasi HL: Intracellular replication-deficient Leishmania donovani induces long lasting protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol. 2009, 183 (3): 1813-1820. 10.4049\/jimmunol.0900276.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"42","key":"401_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35172","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505559200","volume":"280","author":"C Folgueira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Folgueira C, Quijada L, Soto M, Abanades DR, Alonso C, Requena JM: The translational efficiencies of the two Leishmania infantum HSP70 mRNAs, differing in their 3'-untranslated regions, are affected by shifts in the temperature of growth through different mechanisms. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280 (42): 35172-35183. 10.1074\/jbc.M505559200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"401_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00221-X","volume":"76","author":"JM Requena","year":"2000","unstructured":"Requena JM, Soto M, Doria MD, Alonso C: Immune and clinical parameters associated with Leishmania infantum infection in the golden hamster model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2000, 76 (3-4): 269-281. 10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00221-X.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"401_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.9.2167","volume":"39","author":"PA Buffet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buffet PA, Sulahian A, Garin YJ, Nassar N, Derouin F: Culture microtitration: a sensitive method for quantifying Leishmania infantum in tissues of infected mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995, 39 (9): 2167-2168.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"401_CR35","first-page":"81","volume":"11","author":"C Folgueira","year":"2008","unstructured":"Folgueira C, Carrion J, Moreno J, Saugar JM, Ca\u00f1avate C, Requena JM: Effects of the disruption of the HSP70-II gene on the growth, morphology, and virulence of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Int Microbiol. 2008, 11 (2): 81-89.","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"401_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2004.11.002","volume":"38","author":"ME Wilson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson ME, Jeronimo SMB, Pearson RD: Immunopathogenesis of infection with the visceralizing Leishmania species. Microb Pathog. 2005, 38 (4): 147-160. 10.1016\/j.micpath.2004.11.002.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"401_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.229-243.2001","volume":"14","author":"E Handman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Handman E: Leishmaniasis: current status of vaccine development. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001, 14 (2): 229-243. 10.1128\/CMR.14.2.229-243.2001.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"401_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60912-8","volume":"74","author":"W Solbach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Solbach W, Laskay T: The host response to Leishmania infection. Adv Immunol. 2000, 74: 275-317.","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"401_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041470","volume":"201","author":"SA Miles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miles SA, Conrad SM, Alves RG, Jeronimo SMB, Mosser DM: A role for IgG immune complexes during infection with the intracellular pathogen Leishmania. J Exp Med. 2005, 201 (5): 747-754. 10.1084\/jem.20041470.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"401_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-86","volume":"4","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Miro G, Koutinas A, Cardoso L, Pennisi MG, Ferrer L, Bourdeau P, Oliva G, Baneth G: LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors. 2011, 4 (1): 86.-10.1186\/1756-3305-4-86.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"10","key":"401_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5141","volume":"93","author":"E Raz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raz E, Tighe H, Sato Y, Corr M, Dudler JA, Roman M, Swain SL, Spiegelberg HL, Carson DA: Preferential induction of a Th1 immune response and inhibition of specific IgE antibody formation by plasmid DNA immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996, 93 (10): 5141-5145. 10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5141.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"401_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04614.x","volume":"56","author":"D Kuhn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuhn D, Wiese M: LmxPK4, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase homologue of Leishmania mexicana with a potential role in parasite differentiation. Mol Microbiol. 2005, 56 (5): 1169-1182. 10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04614.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"401_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6027","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00773-05","volume":"74","author":"L Reiling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reiling L, Jacobs T, Kroemer M, Gaworski I, Graefe S, Clos J: Spontaneous recovery of pathogenicity by Leishmania major hsp100-\/- alters the immune response in mice. Infect Immun. 2006, 74 (11): 6027-6036. 10.1128\/IAI.00773-05.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"401_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.0105","volume":"84","author":"CR Engwerda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Engwerda CR, Smelt SC, Kaye PM: An in vivo analysis of cytokine production during Leishmania donovani infection in scid mice. Exp Parasitol. 1996, 84 (2): 195-202. 10.1006\/expr.1996.0105.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"401_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4537","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.10.4537","volume":"157","author":"V Leclercq","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leclercq V, Lebastard M, Belkaid Y, Louis J, Milon G: The outcome of the parasitic process initiated by Leishmania infantum in laboratory mice: a tissue-dependent pattern controlled by the Lsh and MHC loci. J Immunol. 1996, 157 (10): 4537-4545.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"401_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1912","volume":"166","author":"PC Melby","year":"2001","unstructured":"Melby PC, Chandrasekar B, Zhao W, Coe JE: The hamster as a model of human visceral leishmaniasis: progressive disease and impaired generation of nitric oxide in the face of a prominent Th1-like cytokine response. J Immunol. 2001, 166 (3): 1912-1920.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"401_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.10.3091-3096.1989","volume":"57","author":"C Gifawesen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gifawesen C, Farrell JP: Comparison of T-cell responses in self-limiting versus progressive visceral Leishmania donovani infections in golden hamsters. Infect Immun. 1989, 57 (10): 3091-3096.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"401_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-S1-S1","volume":"2","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F: Canine leishmaniosis in South America. Parasit Vectors. 2009, 2 (Suppl 1): S1-10.1186\/1756-3305-2-S1-S1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:22:27Z","timestamp":1686277347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"150"}}