{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:51:34Z","timestamp":1787626294829,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in western China, and becoming an important public health concern. Infected dogs are the main reservoir for <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>, and a potential sentinel for human VL in endemic areas. In the present study we investigated the prevalence of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> DNA in dogs from Wenchuan, Heishui and Jiuzhaigou County in Sichuan Province, southwestern China, which are important endemic areas of zoonotic VL, detected by real time PCR. The results will help to design control strategies against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs and humans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> DNA in dogs was 24.8% (78\/314) in Sichuan Province, with the positive rate of 23.5% (23\/98) in Wenchuan County, 28.2% (20\/71) in Heishui County, and 24.1% (35\/145) in Jiuzhaigou County, and no significant difference was observed among the three counties (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). The dogs were further allocated to different groups based on sexes, ages and external clinical symptoms. The logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher prevalence was found in older and external symptomatic dogs, compared to that of younger and asymptomatic dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results revealed that <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> infection in dogs is widespread in Sichuan Province, southwestern China, which has a public health significance, due to its contribution to the transmission of the infection to humans by sandflies. It is necessary to take measures, including treatment or eradication of infected dogs, to control canine leishmaniasis, which could be helpful to reduce human VL in this area.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T07:02:10Z","timestamp":1315897330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in Sichuan Province, southwestern China detected by real time PCR"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Li-min","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-ping","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-tao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni-na","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-xi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00347-X","volume":"2","author":"PJ Guerin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guerin PJ, Olliaro P, Sundar S, Boelaert M, Croft SL, Desjeux P, Wasunna MK, Bryceson AD: Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002, 2: 494-501. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00347-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"414_CR2","first-page":"189","volume":"120","author":"H Albrecht","year":"1996","unstructured":"Albrecht H, Sobottka I, Emminger C, Jablonowski H, Just G, Stoehr A, Kubin T, Salzberger B, Lutz T, van Lunzen J: Visceral leishmaniasis emerging as an important opportunistic infection in HIV-infected persons living in areas nonendemic for Leishmania donovani. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1996, 120: 189-198.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"414_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07","volume":"21","author":"J Alvar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Canavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Ter Horst R, Lopez-Velez R, Moreno J: The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008, 21: 334-359. 10.1128\/CMR.00061-07.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"414_CR4","first-page":"458","volume":"18","author":"JJ Feng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Feng JJ, Shi SZ: Control strategies and epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in China. Journal of Medical Pest Control. 2002, 18: 458-461.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Pest Control"},{"key":"414_CR5","first-page":"237","volume":"27","author":"Y Osman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Osman Y, Gu DA, Zuo XP, Lan QX, Zhou XJ, Tong SX, Li X, Zhang Y, Jumahun R, Chen W: An epidemiological survey of visceral leishmaniasis in Hamangou coal mine area of Korla City, Xinjiang. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis. 2009, 27: 237-240. (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis"},{"key":"414_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.04.002","volume":"59","author":"JY Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang JY, Gao CH, Yang YT, Chen HT, Zhu XH, Lv S, Chen SB, Tong SX, Steinmann P, Ziegelbauer K, Zhou XN: An outbreak of the desert sub-type of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jiashi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. Parasitol Int. 2011, 59: 331-337.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"414_CR7","first-page":"170","volume":"18","author":"AF Gui","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gui AF, Zuo SL, Wu JH, Gui XE, Hu LQ, Yang LD, Zhang SQ: Evaluation of prevalent status of kala-azar in endemic area of Hubei Province. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis. 2000, 18: 170-172. (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis"},{"key":"414_CR8","first-page":"62","volume":"25","author":"JY Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang JY, Feng Y, Gao CH, Jin CF, Chen SB, Zhang CJ, He JP, Yang CM, Yang YT, Bao YF: Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in human population of Wenxian County, Gansu Province. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis. 2007, 25: 62-64. (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis"},{"key":"414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0148","volume":"11","author":"F Wei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wei F, Shang L, Jin H, Lian H, Liu W, Li Z, Gao H, Liu Q: Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani in naturally infected Phlebotomus chinensi from southwestern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011, 11: 849-852. 10.1089\/vbz.2010.0148.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-69","volume":"4","author":"JY Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang JY, Ha Y, Gao CH, Wang Y, Yang YT, Chen HT: The prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in western China detected by PCR and serological tests. Parasit Vectors. 2011, 4: 69-10.1186\/1756-3305-4-69.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"414_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0129","volume":"7","author":"PP de Paiva Diniz","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Paiva Diniz PP, Schwartz DS, de Morais HS, Breitschwerdt EB: Surveillance for zoonotic vector-borne infections using sick dogs from southeastern Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2007, 7: 689-697. 10.1089\/vbz.2007.0129.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"414_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1973.22.578","volume":"22","author":"HA Christensen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Christensen HA, Herrer A: Attractiveness of sentinel animals to vectors of leishmaniasis in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1973, 22: 578-584.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"414_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.09.011","volume":"186","author":"P Paradies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paradies P, Sasanelli M, de Caprariis D, Testini G, Traversa D, Lia RP, Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D: Clinical and laboratory monitoring of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet J. 2011, 186: 370-373.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"414_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90446-4","volume":"88","author":"R Molina","year":"1994","unstructured":"Molina R, Amela C, Nieto J, San-Andres M, Gonzalez F, Castillo JA, Lucientes J, Alvar J: Infectivity of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994, 88: 491-493. 10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90446-4.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"414_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.028","volume":"158","author":"C Maia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maia C, Campino L: Methods for diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis and immune response to infection. Vet Parasitol. 2008, 158: 274-287. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.028.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"414_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.251","volume":"53","author":"DA Ashford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ashford DA, Bozza M, Freire M, Miranda JC, Sherlock I, Eulalio C, Lopes U, Fernandes O, Degrave W, Barker RH: Comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serology for the detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995, 53: 251-255.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"414_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-594R.1","volume":"92","author":"A Nasereddin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nasereddin A, Ereqat S, Azmi K, Baneth G, Jaffe CL, Abdeen Z: Serological survey with PCR validation for canine visceral leishmaniasis in northern Palestine. J Parasitol. 2006, 92: 178-183. 10.1645\/GE-594R.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"414_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2352-2356.2002","volume":"40","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reithinger R, Quinnell RJ, Alexander B, Davies CR: Rapid detection of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs: comparative study using an immunochromatographic dipstick test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40: 2352-2356. 10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2352-2356.2002.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"414_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-006-3324-2","volume":"30","author":"ES da Silva","year":"2006","unstructured":"da Silva ES, van der Meide WF, Schoone GJ, Gontijo CM, Schallig HD, Brazil RP: Diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil by parasite, antibody and DNA detection assays. Vet Res Commun. 2006, 30: 637-643. 10.1007\/s11259-006-3324-2.","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"414_CR20","first-page":"1085","volume":"24","author":"FN Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang FN, Chen YN, Xiao N: Analysis of cases and control measures of visceral leishmaniasis in Sichuan Province, China in 2006-2007. Chin J Zoonoses. 2008, 24: 1085-1086. (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Zoonoses"},{"key":"414_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0148","volume":"11","author":"F Wei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wei F, Shang L, Jin H, Lian H, Liu W, Li Z, Gao H, Liu Q: Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani in naturally infected Phlebotomus chinensi from southwestern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011, 11: 849-52. 10.1089\/vbz.2010.0148.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"414_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1906-y","volume":"107","author":"R Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang R, Shang L, Jin H, Ma C, Wu Y, Liu Q, Xia Z, Wei F, Zhu XQ, Gao H: In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial efficacy of nitazoxanide against Leishmania donovani. Parasitol Res. 2010, 107: 475-479. 10.1007\/s00436-010-1906-y.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"414_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1666-1669.2002","volume":"40","author":"L Nicolas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nicolas L, Prina E, Lang T, Milon G: Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of Leishmania in mouse tissues. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40: 1666-1669. 10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1666-1669.2002.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"414_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.763","volume":"50","author":"HG Lu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lu HG, Zhong L, Guan LR, Qu JQ, Hu XS, Chai JJ, Xu ZB, Wang CT, Chang KP: Separation of Chinese Leishmania isolates into five genotypes by kinetoplast and chromosomal DNA heterogeneity. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994, 50: 763-770.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"414_CR25","first-page":"1457","volume":"115","author":"X Hu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hu X, Bu L, Ma Y, Wang Y, Jing B, Yi T: Difference in DNA sequences in SSU rDNA variable regions among pathogens isolated from different epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 2002, 115: 1457-1459.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"414_CR26","first-page":"74","volume":"2","author":"GR Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li GR, JJ J, Jiang NF, Zhang Y, Liu L, Chen X: Evaluation of control measures of dogs-borne leishmaniasis in Sichuan Province, China. Parasit Infect Dis. 2004, 2: 74-76. (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Parasit Infect Dis"},{"key":"414_CR27","first-page":"28","volume":"14","author":"B Gao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gao B, Chen GR, Yu T, Wei HY, Li JF: Analysis of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Sichuan Province, China during 1995-1999. Chin J Parasit Dis Control. 2001, 14: 28-(in Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Parasit Dis Control"},{"key":"414_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paradies P, Sasanelli M, de Caprariis D, Testini G, Traversa D, Lia RP, Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D: Clinical and laboratory monitoring of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet J. 186: 370-373.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.09.011"},{"key":"414_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00964.x","volume":"53","author":"P Paradies","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paradies P, Capelli G, Cafarchia C, de Caprariis D, Sasanelli M, Otranto D: Incidences of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic area of southern Italy. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2006, 53: 295-298. 10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00964.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"414_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00047-9","volume":"74","author":"Y Ozbel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ozbel Y, Oskam L, Ozensoy S, Turgay N, Alkan MZ, Jaffe CL, Ozcel MA: A survey on canine leishmaniasis in western Turkey by parasite, DNA and antibody detection assays. Acta Trop. 2000, 74: 1-6. 10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00047-9.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"414_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-342","volume":"10","author":"I Cruz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cruz I, Acosta L, Gutierrez MN, Nieto J, Canavate C, Deschutter J, Bornay-Llinares FJ: A canine leishmaniasis pilot survey in an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis: Posadas (Misiones, Argentina). BMC Infect Dis. 2011, 10: 342-","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"414_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005054","volume":"37","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Llull J, Osso M, Hegarty B, Breitschwerdt E: A serological study of exposure to arthropod-borne pathogens in dogs from northeastern Spain. Vet Res. 2006, 37: 231-244. 10.1051\/vetres:2005054.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"414_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1307.022","volume":"1026","author":"I Amusategui","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amusategui I, Sainz A, Aguirre E, Tesouro MA: Seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum in northwestern Spain, an area traditionally considered free of leishmaniasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004, 1026: 154-157. 10.1196\/annals.1307.022.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"414_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00542.x","volume":"49","author":"MD Tabar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tabar MD, Roura X, Francino O, Altet L, Ruiz de Gopegui R: Detection of Leishmania infantum by real-time PCR in a canine blood bank. J Small Anim Pract. 2008, 49: 325-328. 10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00542.x.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"414_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2009161065","volume":"16","author":"N Chargui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chargui N, Haouas N, Gorcii M, Lahmar S, Guesmi M, Ben Abdelhafidh A, Mezhoud H, Babba H: Use of PCR, IFAT and in vitro culture in the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and evaluation of the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in a low endemic area in Tunisia. Parasite. 2009, 16: 65-69.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"414_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00416-09","volume":"48","author":"A Biglino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biglino A, Bolla C, Concialdi E, Trisciuoglio A, Romano A, Ferroglio E: Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in an area of northwestern Italy (Piedmont region) where such infections are traditionally nonendemic. J Clin Microbiol. 2011, 48: 131-136.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"414_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.07.004","volume":"112","author":"A Moshfe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moshfe A, Mohebali M, Edrissian G, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Kazemi B, Jamshidi S, Mahmoodi M: Canine visceral leishmaniasis: asymptomatic infected dogs as a source of L. infantum infection. Acta Trop. 2009, 112: 101-105. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.07.004.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"414_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biglino A, Bolla C, Concialdi E, Trisciuoglio A, Romano A, Ferroglio E: Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in an area of northwestern Italy (Piedmont region) where such infections are traditionally nonendemic. J Clin Microbiol. 48: 131-136.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00416-09"},{"key":"414_CR39","first-page":"1137","volume":"9","author":"L Iniesta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iniesta L, Fernandez-Barredo S, Bulle B, Gomez MT, Piarroux R, Gallego M, Alunda JM, Portus M: Diagnostic techniques to detect cryptic leishmaniasis in dogs. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002, 9: 1137-1141.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"414_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00268-08","volume":"16","author":"D Otranto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Otranto D, Paradies P, de Caprariis D, Stanneck D, Testini G, Grimm F, Deplazes P, Capelli G: Toward diagnosing Leishmania infantum infection in asymptomatic dogs in an area where leishmaniasis is endemic. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009, 16: 337-343. 10.1128\/CVI.00268-08.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"414_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002081","volume":"125","author":"L Lachaud","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lachaud L, Chabbert E, Dubessay P, Dereure J, Lamothe J, Dedet JP, Bastien P: Value of two PCR methods for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis and the detection of asymptomatic carriers. Parasitology. 2002, 125: 197-207.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"414_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.022","volume":"165","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Koutinas A, Miro G, Cardoso L, Pennisi MG, Ferrer L, Bourdeau P, Oliva G, Baneth G: Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol. 2009, 165: 1-18. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.022.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-173.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T16:17:54Z","timestamp":1630513074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"173"}}