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Here, we investigated the systems metabolic changes in the mouse upon<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>infection by modeling the sequence of metabolic events in urine, plasma and faecal water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten female NMRI mice, aged 5 weeks, were infected with 80<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>cercariae each. Ten age- and sex-matched mice remained uninfected and served as a control group. Urine, plasma and faecal samples were collected 1 day before, and on eight time points until day 73 post-infection. Biofluid samples were subjected to<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences between<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>-infected and uninfected control mice were found from day 41 onwards. One of the key metabolic signatures in urine and faecal extracts was an alteration in several gut bacteria-related metabolites, whereas the plasma reflected<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>infection by changes in metabolites related to energy homeostasis, such as relatively higher levels of lipids and decreased levels of glucose. We identified 12 urinary biomarkers of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>infection, among which hippurate, phenylacetylglycine (PAG) and 2-oxoadipate were particularly robust with regard to disease progression. Thirteen plasma metabolites were found to differentiate infected from control mice, with the lipid components, D-3-hydroxybutyrate and glycerophosphorylcholine showing greatest consistency. Faecal extracts were highly variable in chemical composition and therefore only five metabolites were found discriminatory of infected mice, of which 5-aminovalerate was the most stable and showed a positive correlation with urinary PAG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composite metabolic signature of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>in the mouse derived from perturbations in urinary, faecal and plasma composition showed a coherent response in altered energy metabolism and in gut microbial activity. Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into host-parasite interactions across different compartments and identified a set of temporally robust biomarkers of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>infection, which might assist in derivation of diagnostic assays or metrics for monitoring therapeutic response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T08:48:06Z","timestamp":1316508486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Chemometric analysis of biofluids from mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jia V","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmina","family":"Saric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"420_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.2.263","volume":"5","author":"J Utzinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Utzinger J, Keiser J: Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: common drugs for treatment and control. 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