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We suspected that the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      eggs in ticks is responsible for incidental detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in tick samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 28S\n                      <jats:italic>rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 16S\n                      <jats:italic>rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes of a specimen of\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      was amplified and sequenced. PCR on part of the 28S\n                      <jats:italic>rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene was used to detect parasitic wasp DNA in 349 questing\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ticks from various sampling sites. Furthermore, the\n                      <jats:italic>wsp<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      was sequenced from the\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      specimen and a subset of ticks was tested using this marker.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Several sequences from tick specimens were identical to the\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequence of the\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      specimen.\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodiphagus hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected in 9.5% of all tested ticks, varying between 4% and 26% depending on geographic location. Ten out of eleven sampling sites throughout the Netherlands were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Eighty-seven percent of\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri-<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive but only 1.6% of\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      -negative ticks were\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive. Detection of\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA was strongly associated with the detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in ticks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is the first reported case of\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the Netherlands. Furthermore\n                      <jats:italic>I. hookeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      harbours\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and is broadly distributed in the Netherlands. While detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in ticks might often be due to parasitism with this wasp, other sources of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in ticks might exist as well.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T16:27:33Z","timestamp":1323275253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Parasites of vectors - Ixodiphagus hookeri and its Wolbachia symbionts in ticks in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Tijsse-Klasen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieta","family":"Braks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst-Jan","family":"Scholte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Sprong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64386-0","volume":"56","author":"D Sassera","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sassera D, Beninati T, Bandi C, Bouman EA, Sacchi L, Fabbi M, Lo N: 'Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii', an endosymbiont of the tick Ixodes ricinus with a unique intramitochondrial lifestyle. 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