{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:43:26Z","timestamp":1789987406748,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]],"date-time":"2011-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1299196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]],"date-time":"2011-03-04T19:14:50Z","timestamp":1299266090000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Molecular epidemiology of camel trypanosomiasis based on ITS1 rDNA and RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in the Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bashir","family":"Salim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A","family":"Bakheit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kamau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"278_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.491","volume":"73","author":"PP Joshi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Joshi PP, Shegoka VR, Powar RM, Herder S, Katti R, Salkar HR, Dani VS, Bhargava A, Jannin J, Truc P: Human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in India: the first case report. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005, 73: 491-495.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"278_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02242629","volume":"12","author":"MM Mahmoud","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mahmoud MM, Gray AR: Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885) Balbiani, 1888. A review of recent research. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1980, 12: 35-47. 10.1007\/BF02242629.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"278_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90182-1","volume":"53","author":"S Mihok","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mihok S, Zweygarth E, Munyoki EN, Wambua J, Kock R: Typanosomasimiae in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Vet Parasitol. 1994, 53: 191-196. 10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90182-1.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR4","first-page":"207","volume":"13","author":"D Pellegrini","year":"1948","unstructured":"Pellegrini D: Trypanosoma simiae (Bruce) infection of the camel. E Afr Agric J. 1948, 13: 207-209.","journal-title":"E Afr Agric J"},{"key":"278_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470699058","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases in Camelids","author":"U Wernery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wernery U, Kaaden OR: Infectious Diseases in Camelids. 2002, Berlin& Vienna Blackwell Press"},{"key":"278_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1086\/417338","volume":"66","author":"DM Hillis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hillis DM, Dixon MT: Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q Rev Biol. 1991, 66: 411-453. 10.1086\/417338.","journal-title":"Q Rev Biol"},{"key":"278_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0716:ISIPAN]2.0.CO;2","volume":"86","author":"A Fazaeli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fazaeli A, Carter PE, Pennington TH: Intergenic spacer (IGS) polymorphism: a new genetic marker for differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii strains and Neospora caninum. J Parasitol. 2000, 86: 716-723.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00034-X","volume":"29","author":"M Zahler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zahler M, Essig A, Gothe R, Rinder H: Molecular analyses suggest mono-specificity of the genus Sarcoptes (Acari: Sarcoptidae). Int J Parasitol. 1999, 29: 759-766. 10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00034-X.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004321","volume":"118","author":"NE Collins","year":"1999","unstructured":"Collins NE, Allsopp BA: Theileria parva ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences exhibit extensive polymorphism and mosaic evolution: application to the characterization of parasites from cattle and buffalo. Parasitol. 1999, 118: 541-551. 10.1017\/S0031182099004321.","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.05.007","volume":"5","author":"IT Beltrame-Botelho","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beltrame-Botelho IT, Gaspar-Silva D, Steindel M, Davila AM, Grisard EC: Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of Trypanosoma rangeli ribosomal DNA (rDNA): a useful marker for inter-specific differentiation. Infect Genet Evol. 2005, 5: 17-28. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.05.007.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"278_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.487","volume":"69","author":"S Khuchareeontaworn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khuchareeontaworn S, Singhaphan P, Viseshakul Chansiri K: Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma evansi in buffalo based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. J Vet Med Sci. 2007, 69: 1215-1217. 10.1292\/jvms.69.487.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"278_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.10.008","volume":"8","author":"S Areekit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Areekit S, Singhaphan P, Kanjanavas P, Khuchareontaworn S, Sriyapai T, Pakpitcharoen A, Chansiri K: Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma evansi in beef cattle based on internal transcribed spacer region. Infect Genet Evol. 2008, 8: 484-488. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.10.008.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"278_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.09.010","volume":"117","author":"S Amer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amer S, Ryu O, Tada C, Fukuda Y, Inoue N, Nakai Y: Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt, a pilot study. Acta Trop. 2011, 117: 39-46. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.09.010.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"278_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1267-5","volume":"95","author":"ZK Njiru","year":"2005","unstructured":"Njiru ZK, Constantine CC, Guya S, Crowther J, Kiragu JM, Thompson RC, D\u00e1vila AM: The use of ITS1 rDNA PCR in detecting pathogenic African trypanosomes. Parasito Res. 2005, 95: 186-192. 10.1007\/s00436-004-1267-5.","journal-title":"Parasito Res"},{"key":"278_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2005.03.014","volume":"111","author":"A Cox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cox A, Tilley A, McOdimba F, Fyfe J, Eisler M, Hide G, Welburn S: A PCR based assay for detection and differentiation of African trypanosome species in blood. Exp Parasitol. 2005, 111: 24-29. 10.1016\/j.exppara.2005.03.014.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00412-5","volume":"97","author":"D Verloo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verloo D, Magnus E, B\u00fcscher P: General expression of RoTat 1.2 variable antigen type in Trypanosoma evansi isolates from different origin. Vet Parasitol. 2001, 97: 183-189. 10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00412-5.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR17","first-page":"194","volume":"8","author":"HM Elsaid","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elsaid HM, Nantulya VM, Hilali M: Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection among Sudanese camels imported to Egypt using card agglutination test (CATT) and antigen detection latex agglutination test (Suratex). J Protozool Res. 1998, 8: 194-200.","journal-title":"J Protozool Res"},{"key":"278_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002575","volume":"123","author":"HC Davison","year":"1999","unstructured":"Davison HC, Thrusfield MV, Muharsini S, Husein A, Partoutomo S, Rae PF, Masake R, Luckins AG: Evaluation of antigen detection and antibody detection tests for Trypanosoma evansi infection of buffaloes in Indonesia. Epidemiol Infect. 1999, 123: 149-155. 10.1017\/S0950268899002575.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"278_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.12.007","volume":"120","author":"JM Ngaira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ngaira JM, Njagi EN, Ngeranwa JJ, Olembo NK: PCR amplification of RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in Trypanosoma evansi isolates in Kenya. Vet Parasitol. 2004, 120: 23-33. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.12.007.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"278_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237911","volume":"13","author":"R Boid","year":"1981","unstructured":"Boid R, el-Amin EA, Mahmoud MM, Luckins AG: Trypanosoma evansi infections and antibodies in goats, sheep and camels in the Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1981, 13: 141-146. 10.1007\/BF02237911.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"278_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005047801206","volume":"30","author":"EA Elamin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elamin EA, el Bashir MO, Saeed EM: Prevalence and infection pattern of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in mid-eastern Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1998, 30: 107-14. 10.1023\/A:1005047801206.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"278_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-82","volume":"3","author":"AP Cox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cox AP, Tosas O, Tilley A, Picozzi K, Coleman P, Hide G, Welburn SC: Constraints to estimating the prevalence of trypanosome infections in East African zebu cattle. Parasit Vectors. 2010, 3: 82-10.1186\/1756-3305-3-82.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"278_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2144\/000113077","volume":"46","author":"HC Johanson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johanson HC, Hyland V, Wicking C, Sturm RA: DNA elution from buccal cells stored on Whatman FTA Classic Cards using a modified methanol fixation method. Biotechniques. 2009, 46: 309-311.","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"278_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.01.006","volume":"9","author":"S Konnai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Konnai S, Mekata H, Mingala CN, Abes NS, Gutierrez CA, Herrera JR, Dargantes AP, Witola WH, Cruz LC, Inoue N, Onuma M, Ohashi K: Development and application of a quantitative real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Surra in water buffaloes. Infect Genet Evol. 2009, 9: 449-452. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.01.006.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"278_CR25","first-page":"89","volume":"24","author":"AI Yagi","year":"1976","unstructured":"Yagi AI, Razig MT: The Tabanidae of Bahr El Arab, Southern Darfur district, Sudan. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr. 1976, 24: 89-92.","journal-title":"Bull Anim Health Prod Afr"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-31.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-31\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-31.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T08:17:28Z","timestamp":1564561048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-31"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-4-31","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]]},"article-number":"31"}}