{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:59:41Z","timestamp":1791100781212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Awareness for flea- and tick-borne infections has grown in recent years and the range of microorganisms associated with these ectoparasites is rising. <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease, and other <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species have been reported in fleas and ticks. The role of <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic> ticks in the natural cycle of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and the transmission of these bacteria to humans is unclear. <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp. have also been reported from as well ticks as also from fleas. However, to date no flea-borne <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp. were reported from the Netherlands. Here, the presence of <jats:italic>Bartonellaceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsiae<\/jats:italic> in ectoparasites was investigated using molecular detection and identification on part of the gltA- and 16S rRNA-genes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The zoonotic <jats:italic>Bartonella clarridgeiae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsia felis<\/jats:italic> were detected for the first time in Dutch cat fleas. <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> was found in cat fleas and <jats:italic>B. schoenbuchensis<\/jats:italic> in ticks and keds feeding on deer. Two <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species, previously identified in rodents, were found in wild mice and their fleas. However, none of these microorganisms were found in 1719 questing <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic> ticks. Notably, the gltA gene amplified from DNA lysates of approximately 10% of the questing nymph and adult ticks was similar to that of an uncultured <jats:italic>Bartonella-<\/jats:italic> related species found in other hard tick species. The gltA gene of this <jats:italic>Bartonella-<\/jats:italic> related species was also detected in questing larvae for which a 16S rRNA gene PCR also tested positive for \"<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic> Midichloria mitochondrii\" . The gltA-gene of the <jats:italic>Bartonella-<\/jats:italic> related species found in <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic> may therefore be from this endosymbiont.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conclude that the risk of acquiring Cat Scratch Disease or a related bartonellosis from questing ticks in the Netherlands is negligible. On the other hand fleas and deer keds are probable vectors for associated <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species between animals and might also transmit <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. to humans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-61","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,4]],"date-time":"2011-05-04T18:27:38Z","timestamp":1304533658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Absence of zoonotic Bartonella species in questing ticks: First detection of Bartonella clarridgeiae and Rickettsia felis in cat fleas in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Tijsse-Klasen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Fonville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fedor","family":"Gassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ard M","family":"Nijhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil KE","family":"Hovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Jongejan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"Takken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan R","family":"Reimerink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul AM","family":"Overgaauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Sprong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"300_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.001","volume":"26","author":"KM McElroy","year":"2010","unstructured":"McElroy KM, Blagburn BL, Breitschwerdt EB, Mead PS, McQuiston JH: Flea-associated zoonotic diseases of cats in the USA: bartonellosis, flea-borne rickettsioses, and plague. 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