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In this study, we evaluated the effects of exogenous melatonin interference in experimental amoebiasis and on interactions between human blood cells and<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>trophozoites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of melatonin was investigated in models of experimental amoebiasis in hamsters and rats by evaluating the area of necrosis induced by<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>. The activity of melatonin on the interactions between leukocytes and amoebae was determined by examining leukophagocytosis. For<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>tests, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear human blood leucocytes were incubated with<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>trophozoites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The areas of amoebic necrosis were significantly reduced in animals treated with melatonin. Melatonin treatment increased leukophagocytosis but was associated with a greater number of dead amoebae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that melatonin may play a beneficial role in the control of amoebic lesions, raising the possibility that this drug may be used as an adjuvant in anti-amoebic therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,22]],"date-time":"2011-04-22T18:14:21Z","timestamp":1303496061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Melatonin reduces the severity of experimental amoebiasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Aline C","family":"Fran\u00e7a-Botelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana L","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio MS","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo L","family":"Franca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adenilda C","family":"Hon\u00f3rio-Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo V","family":"Caliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90099-V","volume":"13","author":"VM Cassone","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cassone VM: Effects of melatonin on vertebrate circadian systems. 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