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Here we report the characterization of a<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>isolate, obtained from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient, which presents peculiar morphological features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The parasite was cultured<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and characterized morphologically using optical and electron microscopy. Identification was performed based on monoclonal antibodies and internal ribosomal spacer typing.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>macrophage cultures, murine experimental models and sand fly infections were used to evaluate infectivity<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The isolate was identified as<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. In the atypical promastigotes grown in culture, a short flagellum surrounded or interrupted by a protuberance of disorganized material was observed. A normal axoneme was present close to the basal body but without elongation much further outside the flagellar pocket. A disorganized swelling at the precocious end of the axoneme coincided with the lack of a paraflagellar rod structure. The isolate was able to infect macrophages<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, induce lesions in BALB\/c mice and infect<jats:italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Notwithstanding the lack of an extracellular flagellum, this isolate infects macrophages<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and produces lesions when inoculated into mice. Moreover, it is able to colonize phlebotomine sand flies. Considering the importance attributed to the flagellum in the successful infection and survival of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>in the insect midgut and in the invasion of macrophages, these findings may bring new light into the infectious mechanisms of<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>.)<jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T19:21:11Z","timestamp":1326309671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A dysflagellar mutant of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Rog\u00e9ria C","family":"Zauli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenicer KU","family":"Yokoyama-Yasunaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo C","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre S","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ledice IA","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Ildefonso A","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucianna GN","family":"Lemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam L","family":"Dorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton AP","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 N","family":"Pitaluga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edna AY","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliany CF","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara M","family":"Traub-Cseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Tania","family":"Bijovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Ribeiro-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia RB","family":"Uliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.06.012","volume":"22","author":"S Kamhawi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kamhawi S: Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania parasites: friends or foes?. 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